Humanistic Theory - 1377 Words

Experiential and Humanistic Theory As a person goes through life and has ups and downs, their ability to handle the stress varies from person to person. At times, a person has difficulties maintaining all the pressures of issues that sometimes feel to manifest into deep sensations of falling. Not knowing where to turn or where to go to get a clear view of what it is that may has them continuing to feel all of the world is against them. Many people rely on friends and family to get that ear to sort out their troubles. Calm down an agitated person, assisting a friend through a death of a family member, or something as simple as avoiding negative thoughts through distracting, these forms of lending a hand can be described as†¦show more content†¦The development of the â€Å"pyramid of needs† by Maslow in 1943 became the blue print used today to identify the needs of individuals. Maslow believed that in the correct order, an individual can become self-actualized thro ugh a hierarchy of needs. Once an individual has met the basic physiological needs such as food, water, sex, sleeps etc., then they are able feel safety through the security of body, employment, morality, family health, etc. As the individuals moves up the hierarchy, feeling loved and belonged strengthens their self-esteem and reaching self-actualization is achieved. Carl Rogers believed that in order for an individual to develop fully, in addition to Maslow’s hierarchy, their environment needs to be genuine, accepting, and have empathy. Rodgers felt that without the essential environment that is nourishing, development of healthy personalities and relationships will not have the opportunity to flourish fully. Rogers continued to expand on Maslow’s theory by going a little deeper. He felt that an individual operates from a unique frame of reference through building self-regard and self-concept. As an individual is identifying how to meet their basic needs, what about the experiences that are learned? David Kolb took a different approach then just viewing behavioral theories. Kolb developed the experiential learning theory that takes the approach on how experiences,Show MoreRelatedThe Humanistic Theory Of Humanistic And Behaviorist761 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor and Classmates: In discussing two of the chosen theories, I made my decision to choose Humanistic and Behaviorist. In the Humanistic Theory, people are often looked upon as to handling their lives and actions, and they have the freedom and will to change their attitudes and behavior. Two important humanistic theorists and psychologists were, Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Abraham Maslow was a psychotherapist, considered the founder of the humanist movement in psychology. He examinedRead MoreThe Humanistic Theory Of Education879 Words   |  4 Pagesanyone that they can look up therefore; it is important for the teacher to be their guide. . The Humanistic Theory is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person. Humanistic psychologists look at human behavior not only through the eyes of the observer, but through the eyes of the person doing the behaving (McLeod, 2007). Quality education is based on the Humanistic Theory because it is learning that is self-directed by students and students are self-evaluated. ThereRead MoreHumanistic Theory, Psychodynamic Theory And Cbt1373 Words   |  6 Pages Here I am going to explain the key characteristics of: Humanistic theory, Psychodynamic theory and CBT. Firstly I am going to talk about what I think the Humanistic theory is, this approach works by providing the client with a better understand of themselves. It helps them to understand their feelings and gives them a chance to explore the option to create personal choices. Humanistic therapy is used for depression, low self-esteem, anxiety, stress, loss etc. It pushes the client to work towardsRead MoreHumanistic and Existential Personality Theories1229 Words   |  5 PagesHumanistic and Existential Personality Theories Name PSY/405 Date Teacher University Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories In a perfect world, there would only be one, if not two different types of personality theories that psychologists would have to choose from in order to diagnose and treat their patients with, but variety, as they say, is the spice of life. In addition to that of psychodynamic personality theories, another set of equally important, and perhaps more interestingRead MorePsychodynamic And Humanistic Theories Of Psychology1634 Words   |  7 PagesPsychodynamic and Humanistic Personality Theories The study of the human mind is an interesting topic to discuss about, we have many theorists that have come up with many different ideas or theories, in how to evaluate the mind of humans, two main ways to study the mind in psychology are psychodynamic approach and humanistic approach. Even though these theories are to evaluate human minds they have different views in how the mind works. In psychodynamic approach, the way the mind is viewed is thatRead MoreCarl Rogers Humanistic Theory2457 Words   |  10 Pageshistory there have been many theories put forth in professional psychology in regards to the development of personality, thinking processes, emotions and the use of appropriate counselling practices. Behaviourism, humanistic, client centered and existential approaches are some of many theories in the field of psychology that explain the mind and behavior as a guide for counsellors when conducting therapeutic interventions. For the purpose of this paper, Carl Rogers’ h umanistic approach and Sigmund Freud’sRead MoreHumanistic and Existential Personality Theories1136 Words   |  5 PagesHumanistic and Existential Personality Theories Many theorists have dedicated their lives trying to figure out how the personality of a person is shaped. While the theories presented have brought up interesting and valid points on what causes personality, there are others that have taken a different approach to its study. There is the Humanistic-Dynamic theory by Abraham Maslow, the Person-Centered theory by Carl Rogers, and the Existential Psychology made popular by Rollo May. Analyze how humanisticRead MoreHumanistic and Existential Personality Theories Paper1238 Words   |  5 PagesHumanistic and Existential Personality Theories Matrix Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories Matrix Theorists have invested years of research into learning the dynamics of one’s personality. Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories offered perspectives that have proved to be valuable to those researching and exploring how one’s personality develops and expands throughout life. From Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to Carl Rogers’s developmentRead MoreHumanistic And Experiential And Emotionally Focused Theories793 Words   |  4 PagesApplying Humanistic/Experiential and Emotionally-Focused Theories Valencia W. Wright Marriage, Couple, and Family Therapy HUMN – 6356 – 3 Dr. Emmett Roberts Walden University March 20, 2016 Humanistic Theory is the main focus on self, which transcends into â€Å"you† and â€Å"your†, then it will be about your experiences. It was mentioned that a person is free to choose their own behavior than just reacting to environmental stimulants and reinforcements (www.answers.com). Then with Humanistic TheoryRead MoreHumanistic and Existential Personality Theories Worksheet726 Words   |  3 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories Worksheet Fill-in the Blank 1. Abraham Maslow proposed the _____Humanistic____________ theory of personality. 2. According to Maslow, self-fulfillment and realization of one’s full potential are examples of ______basic__________ needs. 3. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs proposes that ___lower basic needs_________ needs must be satisfied before ____higher growth________ needs will become motivators

If Current Trends Continue, China May Emerge as the...

1. Discuss the possible implications of such a development for (1) The world trading system. (2) The world monetary system. (3)The business strategy of todays European and U.S. based global corporations. (4)Global commodity prices Answer: The world trading system would clearly be affected by such a development. Currently China enjoys a somewhat privileged status within the World Trade Organization as a ―developing country. Such a rise to eminence, however, would clearly force it to become a full and equal member, with all the rights and responsibilities. China would also be in a position to actively affect the terms of trade between many countries. On the monetary front, one would expect that China would have to have†¦show more content†¦Literacy Rate is low: Less people are educated thus we found less skilled labors. But at present stage both skilled and unskilled labor are necessary for using good technology and production. Raw Materials Unavailability: Raw materials are less available or unavailable. It may be gathered from distance sources that incur high expenses. Poor infrastructure for production of product services: Due to undeveloped mode of every sector , Production infrastructure is not suitable. Markets are not available: Market for products are not available. People want low cost product because they have less sources of income. Customers are less available for good products: High quality products are costly. They are not beared by customers because their purchasing power is low. More dependent families: Less people earn and more people want to consume. It means more people are dependent upon income generating members. Lands are not suitable for agriculture: Lands are mostly barren due to poor irrigation system, mismanagement of water, unavailability of modern agriculture methods application and tools, etc. People depend upon still upon ancient irrigation system. Cheap labors are available: Labors are easily available at low costs but they are mostly unskilled. So they are useless in technical works or in high rated projects. Poor Technological Development: Due to poor infrastructure of RD and unskilled employees, technological innovations may not possibleShow MoreRelatedInternational Business5797 Words   |  24 PagesThe notion that national economies are relatively self-contained entities is on the rise. FALSE 2. (p. 4) For the last 50 years, the volume of goods, services and investment crossing national borders has consistently expanded faster than world output. TRUE 3. (p. 4) Today, the world economy is fast moving toward a world in which barriers to cross-border trade and investment are declining. TRUE 4. (p. 6) The shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy is referred to as globalizationRead More How the United States Must Handle China and Its Military in the 21st Century4404 Words   |  18 Pagesall while working to advance the global system. Enticing China to become a responsible pillar of the global system will be one of the greatest challenges of coming decades for the United States and the Western world-particularly since it appears for the moment China is uninterested in playing such a role. This is the unique situation the United States and China find themselves in, with so many mutual interests, and as the global economy begins to slow, challenges such as: China’s increase in militaryRead MoreThe Rise of China and Future of the West17670 Words   |  71 PagesThe Rise of China and the Future of the West Can the Liberal System Survive? By G. John Ikenberry January/February 2008 Summary:   Chinas rise will inevitably bring the United States unipolar moment to an end. But that does not necessarily mean a violent power struggle or the overthrow of the Western system. The U.S.-led international order can remain dominant even while integrating a more powerful China -- but only if Washington sets about strengthening that liberal order now. G. JOHNRead MoreTrends in Hotel Industry13993 Words   |  56 PagesTrends In Hospitality Sector Hospitality is all about offering warmth to someone who looks for help at a strange or unfriendly place. It refers to the process of receiving and entertaining a guest with goodwill. Hospitality in the commercial context refers to the activity of hotels, restaurants, catering, inn, resorts or clubs who make a vocation of treating tourists. Helped With unique efforts by government and all other stakeholders, including hotel owners, resort managers, tour and travelRead MoreFrance Country Report5492 Words   |  22 Pageswell as trade related issues. The subsequent portions are barriers/opportunities to business. The last part is a recommendation which is a conclusion for the VP of marketing. Geographical Setting With an area of 643,427 sq km, France is the largest country in the European Union; France’s topography is diverse, with mostly flat plains or smoothly rolling hills in the north and west. In the east and south are mountains, including Western Europe’s highest point (Alpine peak of Mont Blanc). TransportationRead MoreComment on How Changes in Macro and Market Environment Forces Impact on the Level of Competition in an Industry.18606 Words   |  75 Pagesï ¬ rms—it can be in a nation’s interest for its government to give state aid to ailing ï ¬ rms within its boundaries; on a broader scale this can give artiï ¬ cial competitive advantages to recipient ï ¬ rms, which may, for example, be able to charge lower prices than their unsupported rivals; recipients may also be unfairly shielded from the full force of the competitive pressures aï ¬â‚¬ecting their markets. We will now review each of these rules to illustrate the impact they have made on ï ¬ rms’ activities. Collusion Read MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesPrevious editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This bookRead MoreThe Political Economy of International Trade7141 Words   |  29 PagesThe Political Economy of International Trade Chapter Outline OPENING CASE: Why Are Global Food Prices Soaring? INTRODUCTION INSTRUMENTS OF TRADE POLICY Tariffs Subsides Country Focus: Subsidized Wheat Production in Japan Import Quotas and Voluntary Export Restraints Local Content Requirements Administrative Polices Antidumping Policies Management Focus: U.S. Magnesium Seeks Protection THE CASE FOR GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION Read MoreBoeing Financial Analysis Essay6645 Words   |  27 Pagesshort on money, William Boeing used his own financial resources to guarantee a loan to cover all wages, which was a total of about seven hundred a week. (Boeing History, n.d) In 1997, they merged with McDonnell Douglas and are currently the worlds largest aerospace company and leading manufacturer of commercial airliners and defense, space and security systems. With their headquarters in Chicago, Boeing employs more than 170,000 people in the United States and in over seventy countries. 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Deception Ethics in Mediation Free Essays

One of the basic tenets of the mediation process is that, as far as possible, everything that is said is truthful. Under this assumption, the mediation process will be an attempt to resolve two different views of the truth. However, what happens when there is intent to deceive on the part of one of the participants, or worse yet on the part of the mediator? This is a complex issue that cannot be determined solely by considering the foundations of ethics or of the practice of mediation. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Ethics in Mediation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead, the issue must be understood from a dual perspective of the ethical appropriateness of deception and its potential usefulness within mediation. Ethically, there can be no question – neither a Kantian nor a utilitarian ethical approach allow for the use of commonplace lies in mediation. However, from the perspective of human relationships, it must be accounted for that people do deceive, and that it is part of our communications and social fabric. Thus, there is a dual ethical position for deception in the mediation process – while morally it is wrong, pragmatically it is commonly used and may be useful for helping negotiating parties to come to a decision. In order to clearly understand this argument, it is important to understand what deception is. A naive understanding of deception is that it is simply lying, which is certainly included. However, there are a number of other elements of deception, as well. One formal definition of deception that could be used is â€Å"a successful or unsuccessful deliberate attempt, without forewarning, to create in another a belief that the communicator considers to be untrue in order to increase the communicator’s payoff at the expense of the other side (Gneezy 386). This definition is useful because it includes a number of key characteristics for understanding deception. First, it is deliberate – that is, the deceiver is not simply misinformed or lacking in information. Second, is an attempt to create a belief in the other person; without this intent, it is difficult to say whether something is truly an expanse at deception. Third, it is an attempt to influence the outcomes of the decision, rather than simply being for no purpose or for some other purpose. Finally, the attempt at deception may be either successful or unsuccessful, and thus even if the negotiation partner figures out what information is being withheld, it is still incorrect. This definition can be extended by common knowledge examples of deception, such as lying actively; lying by omission; and manipulation of data and statistics. Krivis (1) identified a spectrum of deceptive practices that can be further used to understand this concept, including: â€Å"Honesty, Exaggeration, White lies, Partial Disclosure, Silence As to Other Party’s Mistake, False Excuses, [and] Fraud. These types of deception are of course not mutually exclusive, but may be seen in combination with each other. Also, as Krivis (1) noted, many of these behaviors are common within our society and do not even pose a significant moral quandary for the majority of those that undertake them. There are also distinct philosophical approaches to deception that address the ethical approaches and considerations. The two main ethical approaches to deception can be characterized as Kantian, or virtue-based, and utilitarian. In the Kantian view, lying is always wrong, because it violates the moral imperative (Alexander and Sherwin 396-397). That is, â€Å"lying is an offense to all humanity, and, most importantly, to the liar himself (Alexander and Sherwin 397)† because it promotes falsehood and uses the liar’s intellect in a debased manner. The utilitarian view is not as absolute, but it still does not cede that lying is an acceptable moral choice most of the time (Alexander and Sherwin 398). Specifically, the potential gain from the lie must be greater than the harm caused to society from the lie in order to be morally defensible. However, given that lies â€Å"degrade the background trust that supports human interaction (Alexander and Sherwin 398),† this is a very high bar for the benefits of lying to overcome its consequences, even under the utilitarian ethical structure. Thus, it is clear from a pure ethical analysis that the use of deception in negotiation is wrong. However, it should be noted â€Å"professional rules of ethics simply require negotiators to abide by the morality of the marketplace, rather than the rules of law (Krivis 3). † Thus, neither a strictly legalistic nor a strictly legalistic approach to deception is demanded. It should be noted that not all fields of study take an ethical approach to deception, but sometimes use a more pragmatic approach. For example, in classical economics deception is often seen as an attempt to increase the payout from n economic transaction, in which individuals will engage if the incentive is high enough to do so (Gneezy 384). This approach could best be described as a utilitarian or consequentialist approach, in which what is most important is the outcome, rather than the intent of the lie (Gneezy 384). This approach is similar to many such approaches used in mediation analysis, in which rather than taking a normative view regarding what people should do, theoretical and pragmatic approaches to deception deal with what people do – that is, they use deception routinely (Krivis 1). The use of deception is highly context-dependent and may not always occur, but it should always be considered in the range of possibilities for how a negotiation will occur (Krivis 2). The question of whether deception is ethical in a mediation context should be asked not only within the context of a philosophical framework that is applied generally, but also within the framework of mediation itself. Given the nature of mediation, it is natural that considerable research has been done into the area of deception and its effects. There is no question that deception is a commonly used tactic in mediation, and that it works. One study compared the uses of deception in negotiating dyads, comparing its use in competitive and less competitive negotiation frames (Schweitzer, DeChurch and Gibson 2123). The researchers found that competitive negotiators, or those that engaged in highly aggressive tactics intended to promote their own point of view, used both deceptive and non-deceptive negotiating tactics in order to achieve their goals. In particular, they were found to use deception both more aggressively and to a greater degree than cooperative negotiators (Schweitzer, DeChurch and Gibson 2137). Thus, this cannot be questioned. However, this finding does not make a clear statement regarding why this would be undesirable; there is nothing inherently wrong with one side or another prevailing in a mediation discussion, and so the evidence against deception must be stronger than it simply being a path to winning a negotiation. This evidence can be found in the effects of the deceptive behavior on perceptions and outcomes also found by this study. The study found evidence that the use of deception influenced the other party’s beliefs about the negotiating situation, leading to an estimation of the deceiver’s situation that was significantly different from reality (Schweitzer, DeChurch and Gibson 2137-38). Significantly, the researchers found that even though the negotiators paired with a competitive negotiator were disbelieving regarding the claims made, they still were not able to determine what the actual situation of the negotiation was. Finally, the use of deception on the part of one negotiator resulted in a less positive outcome for the other participant. Specifically, it resulted in a change in the ultimate decision of the non-deceiving negotiator, a transfer in the surplus received from the non-deceiving negotiator to the deceiving negotiator, and an increase in the amount of profit received by deceivers as compared to those that did not use a deceptive strategy (Schweitzer, DeChurch and Gibson 2139). This clearly demonstrates the shift in value that is seen in cases where mediation and negotiation is accompanied by deception. While one party has benefited, the other party, which has been exposed to deception without warning beforehand, has been harmed. Thus, there is a distinctly negative outcome that can be seen from the use of negotiation in this context. There are certainly problems in implementing an ethical prohibition against lying in the mediation context. This is not unique to mediation, however. In the legal context, deception is not treated as strictly as it could be. It is generally considered under a utilitarian ethic, rather than a Kantian ethic (Alexander and Sherwin 394); that is, there may be considered to be some justification for lying if the greater number of people is served. However, as Alexander and Sherwin (394) noted, the penalties for lying in a legal context are not commonly as strict as those that would be promoted by a pure utilitarian philosophy. Although there are a number of potential reasons for this, such as the cost and infeasibility of enforcement, Alexander and Sherwin (394) posited that this might also be because of the recognition that lying may at times be beneficial in a legal context. However, this does not mean that in an ethical sense, this position has to be accepted in mediation. In fact, if it is accepted that one of the purposes of mediation is to come to effective solutions without involvement of the legal system, and then this calls for a noticeably different approach to the use of deception. However, the legal approach to deception is actually highly relevant to mediation, because of the frequent use of lawyers by parties in the mediation process. As Krivis (2) notes, there are a number of specific approaches that lawyers use in order to achieve their negotiation goals, although these approaches need to be carefully managed in order not to venture into fraud. Some of the potential deceptions that may be found in this context include exaggeration (for example, exaggerating the strength of the case); being deceptive about intent to settle; and inflating the settlement expectation in order to achieve a better outcome (Krivis 2). It is clear that currently mediation practices and ethics do not prohibit the use of deception, as long as it does not venture into specific areas such as fraud. However, should this be prohibited? Evidence discussed above indicates that deception can be used to unfairly rich one party at the expense of another, offering one reason why this should be the case. Another reason for a stronger prohibition against deception is the cross-professional nature of many mediators, who also play roles as lawyers, social workers, and other professions (Laflin 479). Given that these professions have vastly different ethical standards and practices, it would be to the benefit of the mediation profession to have a specific set of ethical expectations that could be promoted. Laflin (480) notes that lawyer-mediators may have particular difficulty with the ethical concerns inherent in mediation, given the relative focus on adversarial rather than cooperative outcomes. The implementation of stronger prohibition against deception would certainly be one way in which the norms of mediation, rather than the norms of courtroom argumentation, could be enforced. However, this does raise the question of how this prohibition against deception could be implemented and enforced. Given the relatively accepted nature of deception in many of its more subtle forms, it would be difficult to determine how this could be implement with any great degree of success. Deception, commonly understood as lying, can be understood as a range of more subtle behaviors that reflect a range of potential manipulations of implementation. Deception is commonly accepted from an economic point of view and routinely engaged in, even though using a strict ethical evaluation it cannot be defended except under very severe circumstances. However, the mediation environment must deal not only with the philosophical question of correctness, but in the outcomes of mediation and the effects that are seen from deception. Research has shown that the use of deception in negotiation leads to a transfer of surplus from the non-deceptive party to the deceptive party, which provides a clear rationale for why, under a pragmatic viewpoint, deception would also be a negative activity. However, in practice deception is commonly accepted both within the legal system and within mediation practices, as long as this deception does not venture into fraud. There are a number of potential reasons for this, including the acceptability of deceptive practices such as exaggeration and white lies within the wider society and the requirement that lawyers should protect the interests of their client. There is certainly justification for reform of mediation norms and ethics in order to prevent the use of deception. However, given the difficulty that is involved in detecting fraud, this may be a very difficult reform to make. Deception is not acceptable in every situation. Deception in negotiation can provide a bargaining advantage. Deception in negotiation can also come at a cost. How to cite Deception Ethics in Mediation, Essay examples

Space Shuttle Challenger Essay Research Paper Rogers free essay sample

Space Shuttle Challenger Essay, Research Paper Rogers, William P. , et Al Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident United States Government Printing Office June 6, 1986 256 pages The Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, chaired by former Secretary of State William P. Rogers, investigated the fortunes environing the detonation of the Space Shuttle Challenger shortly after liftoff on January 28, 1986. The Commission was established in February, 1986, pursuant to Executive Order 12546, and it issued its concluding study in June, 1986. William Rogers was at the clip a practising lawyer and senior spouse in the jurisprudence house Rogers A ; Wells. In 1973, Rogers was awarded the Medal of Freedom. All other members of the Commission have first-class makings such as old ballistic capsule commanding officer, applied scientists, manager of Space Systems and Command, Control, Communication, astronauts, and physicists. January 28th, 1986, was the coldest twenty-four hours that NASA had of all time attempted to establish a manned ballistic capsule ; at 36 grades Fahrenheit, it was 15 grades colder than any old launch temperature. We will write a custom essay sample on Space Shuttle Challenger Essay Research Paper Rogers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although lift-off clip for the Challenger flight 51-L had been delayed twice that forenoon, all operations and systems seemed to be under control. An ice squad had been sent to the launch tablet at 1:30 ante meridiem and once more at 8:45 a.m. , and although there was some build-up, ice was cleared as a concern. Other conditions conditions were cleared by NASA staff at Cape Canaveral through the usage of conditions balloons and besides at the exigency set downing site in Dakar, Senegal, Africa. The seven member crew arrived at the launch tablet in the spacemans van shortly after 8:00 and were all strapped into their seats by 8:36 ante meridiem Three, two, one [ stated mission control ] . Roger. Travel with the accelerator up, shuttle commanding officer Dick Scobee radioed. 73 seconds subsequently, 1000000s of people across the state watched the atrocious detonation spread across their telecasting screens and realized that something had gone incorrect before they heard the voice of m ission control: Obviously a major malfunction. Rather than presenting the State of the Union reference that flushing as scheduled, President Ronald Reagan made a brief address. We ll go on our quest in infinite, he promised traumatized Americans. There will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and, yes, more voluntaries, more civilians, more instructors in infinite. There would be no shuttle flights for about three old ages. There would be no instructor in infinite, and for those left on the land, for the households of seven deceased spacemans, there would be old ages of resentment, heartache and choler, and hurting before their lives could eventually mend. What went incorrect? What really happened to do a seasoned infinite bird such as Challenger to misfunction on its ten percent run? At 0.68 seconds after ignition, videotape showed black fume coming from the bottom field articulation of the right solid projectile supporter ( SRB ) . The SRB comes in four sections that are assembled. The bottom field articulation is the lowest articulation on the SRB. The black fume suggested that lubricating oil, joint insularity, and rubber O-rings were being burned. The fume continued to come from the bottom field articulation confronting the exterior armored combat vehicle in rhythms of three whiffs of fume per second. The last whiff of fume was seen at 2.7 seconds. The black fume was an indicant that the bottom field articulation was non sealing right. At 58.8 seconds into flight, on enhanced movie, a fire was seen coming from the right SRB. The fire was coming from the bottom of the bottom articulation. It was firing gas that was get awaying from the SRB. A fraction of a 2nd subsequently, at 59.3 seconds, the fire was good defined and could be seen without enhanced movie. As the fire increased in size, it had begun to force against the external armored combat vehicle due to the hotfooting air around the satellite. The SRB is attached to the external armored combat vehicle by a series of prances that run aboard the external armored combat vehicle. One of these prances is located at 310 grades of the perimeter of the SRB. As the fire grew, it pushed against this prance with an intense heat of about 5,600 grades Fahrenheit, doing it hot and weak. The first sighting of the fire hitting the external armored combat vehicle was at 64.7 seconds, when the colour of the fire changed. The colour alteration indicated that the fire was being produced through blending with another substance. This other substance was liquid H, which is stored in the bottom external armored combat vehicle. Pressure alterations from the H armored combat vehicle confirmed that there was a leak. At 72 seconds, there was a sudden concatenation of events that destroyed Challenger and the seven crew members on board. By now, the lower prance linking the right SRB to the external armored combat vehicle was highly hot and really weak. With the sum of force given by the SRB, the lower prance broke off from both the right SRB and the external armored combat vehicle, leting the right SRB to revolve freely around the top prances. The underside of the SRB swung around striking, denting, and firing Challenger # 8217 ; s wing. There was an utmost force that shot the H armored combat vehicle frontward into the O armored combat vehicle doing them to split. At 73.12 seconds into flight, a white vapour was seen from the bottom corner of the right SRB. The white vapour was the mixture of H and O. Merely milliseconds after the white vapour was seen, at 73.14 seconds, the freshness turned into a bolide in a immense detonation. The chief detonation was the H and O that came from the external a rmored combat vehicle. Challenger was going at a velocity of Mach 1.92 at a tallness of 46,000 pess when it blew up. The last recorded transmittal from Challenger was at 73.62 seconds after launch. Michael Smith was recorded as stating, Uhh oh! Six yearss subsequently, President Reagan, who was moved and troubled by the atrocious accident of mission 51-L, appointed an independent committee made up of individuals non connected with the mission to look into it. The intent of the committee was to: 1 ) Review the fortunes environing the accident to set up the likely cause or causes of the accident ; and 2 ) Develop recommendations for restorative or other action based upon the committee s findings and findings. Other selected individuals in add-on to Chairman Rogers were Vice-Chairman, Neil Armstrong, a old NASA spaceman and federal employee, and astronaut Sally Ride. The balance of the committee were David Acheson, Eugene Covert, Richard Feyman ( Nobel Prize physicist whose parts would be critical ) , Robert Hotz, Donald Kutyna, Robert Rummel, Joseph Sutter, Arthur Walker Jr. , Albert Wheelon, Charles Yeager, and Alton Keel Jr. Immediately after being appointed, the Rogers Commission moved frontward in its probe with the full support of the White House. It held public hearings covering with the facts taking up to the accident, and felt that the manner to cover with a failure of this magnitude was to unwrap all the facts to the full and openly. The committee took immediate stairss to rectify errors that led to the failure and helped to regenerate assurance and finding within NASA and in the eyes of the populace. The probe s chief aim was non needfully to indicate fingers but to see assurance in NASA s system by the populace and for the work forces and adult females who fly the birds. It focused its attending on the safety facets of future flights based on lessons learned from the appraisal, with the purpose being to return to safe infinite flight. At first, NASA seemed to be keep backing information about the accident from the populace, imperativeness, and Rogers Commission. The imperativeness was declaring it a intelligence blackout by NASA. Approximately two hebdomads following the calamity, the Rogers Commission was able to reassure the populace that the full narrative was being told in an orderly and thorough mode. The consensus of the Rogers Commission and other take parting fact-finding bureaus was that the loss of the infinite bird Challenger was caused by a failure in a joint between the two lower sections of the right solid projectile supporter. The solid projectile supporter # 8217 ; s sections are joined together by a nip and clevis articulation. Each section has a nip on the underside and a clevis on top. The clevis is the female connection, while the nip is the male linking constituent. The underside -mid section connects to the bottom section with a nose. Where this occurs is called the bottom field articulation. There are two washers called O-rings that wrap around the clevis and seal the joint, every bit good as a Zn chromate putty that is stuck in the joint. The bottom field articulation is the joint that failed on the right solid projectile supporter. There were a few causes that could hold led to the joint seal failure: 1 ) Damage or taint could hold occurred during the assembly. 2 ) The spread between the articulations had grown as a consequence of anterior usage of the solid projectile motors. 3 ) The temperature on the twenty-four hours of the launch was 36 grades ; the temperature of the bottom right field articulation was 28 grades at launch clip. 4 ) The public presentation of the putty that was applied to the joint. 5 ) Overall building of field articulations made by Morton Thiokol ( the company that produced the SRBs for NASA ) . The consequences included a combination of these possible causes. Although a serious concern, harm and/or taint of the field articulations at the clip of assembly was ruled out as a conducive component of flight 51-L s malfunction by the Rogers Commission. Records showed that the sections were assembled utilizing sanctioned processs. Significant out-of-round conditions existed between the two sections joined at the bottom right field articulation. This caused a spread concern during assembly, but trial records show that the spread was in the acceptable scope of mistake. Temperature was a cardinal factor involved in failure of the field joint seal. On the forenoon of the launch, the coldest articulations were the bottom field articulations of the right SRB. The temperature of that field articulation was 28 grades F. The temperature of the opposite side was about 50 grades F. When the O-rings are cold, they are really stiff and do non travel every bit rapidly as they should. Out of 21 launches with temperatures of 61 grades F or greater, merely four showed marks of O-ring thermic hurt. Each of the launches below 61 grades resulted in one or more O-rings demoing marks of eroding of blow-by and carbon black. Trials were done to see how fast O-rings seal at different temperatures. At 75 grades F the O-rings seal within 530 msecs. On the opposite side of the graduated table an O-ring at 20 grades F takes 1.9 seconds to seal. It is this difference in clip that most probably caused the detonation of the Challenger. It was Feyman s inquiries and analysis of informations that brought this out. The public presentation of the putty was another likely cause of the joint seal failure. The Zn chromate putty is placed on the interior of the articulations and besides forced between the spread of the nip and clevis during assembly. It is at that place to halt hot gas from making the O-rings. The hot gases can do holes in the putty, therefore allowing gas go through to the O-rings which could do harm. Prior to the 10th launch of the Challenger, the company that had been bring forthing the putty for the SRB articulations went out of concern. Putty had to be obtained from a new beginning, and post-testing showed that it was more susceptible to environmental effects ; wet made it tackier. Due to the launch temperature being really important, the Rogers Commission took this determination into history as a conducive factor. The Rogers Commission found that the failure was due to a faulty design intolerably sensitive to a figure of factors ( reusability, putty and O-ring public presentation in inauspicious temperatures ) . It concluded that the company bring forthing the O-rings, Morton Thiokol, and NASA were guilty of leting an evitable accident to happen. This accident was deemed evitable through research done by both companies applied scientists, anterior memoranda sent between the companies and section caputs, and events that took topographic point on the Eve of flight 51-L. On July 31st, 1985, Roger Boisjoly, Staff Engineer in applied mechanics at Morton Thiokol, sent a memo to Robert Lund, Thiokol s Vice President of Engineering, pressing that Thiokol s unofficial undertaking force originally said to be assigned to the field articulation job officially be pulled from its regular responsibilities and really assigned to the job. Prior to this petition, NASA and Morton Thiokol both knew that the solid projectile supporters were ill designed. In that period of clip, about every launch had been recorded as holding some type of eroding with the ill-famed O-rings. When Roger Boisjoly voiced his concern, about a twelvemonth and a half before the launch of the Challenger, the section heads coolly assured him that it was being worked on. A message sent in August, 1985, from the undertaking applied scientist recognized the job, stated that long term solutions looked good, and simple short term steps should be taken to cut down flight hazards. The long term soluti ons were projected to necessitate several old ages. Shuttlecocks had already been at hazard, and for the clip being would stay at hazard. The dark before the fatal launch, a figure of applied scientists voiced their concerns. Roger Boisjoly and others advised that a launch temperature of 53 grades Fahrenheit was important for proper operation of the field articulations O-rings. The Rogers Commission subsequently found that executives of Morton Thiokol were in understanding with the lower degree research applied scientists until they found out that NASA was sing other companies to construct the projectile supporters. Not desiring to lose their biggest client, Thiokol caputs changed their heads a few yearss before the 28th to move in the best involvements of the house # 8211 ; to travel a caput with the launch. This provided an even tougher challenge for Boisjoly and company to alter anyone s head on the launch Eve. He subsequently stated, This was a meeting where the finding was to establish, and it was up to us to turn out beyond a shadow of a uncertainty that it was non safe to make so. This is in entire contrary to what the place normally is in a preflight conversation or a flight preparedness reappraisal. The applied scientists were ignored. No one went to the imperativeness or a member of Congress. No 1 tried to make the spacemans and inform them of th e hazards they were taking if they launched the undermentioned forenoon. High-level applied scientists told NASA what it wanted to hear, and low-level applied scientists held their breath and went back to work. These were the grounds the Rogers Commission found NASA and Thiokol guilty of an evitable accident. NASA s haste to establish despite technology expostulations is typical of American corporate behaviour. Although NASA is a authorities bureau, non a concern, by seeking to do the bird commercially practical, NASA subjected its operations to concern considerations about from the beginning. Furthermore, the bureau is basically a coordinator of the work of a big figure of private corporations, where most of the applied scientists and technicians that were at inquiry were employed. The net income motivation for the companies seemed to be overruling technology concerns at precisely the clip when the applied scientist s positions were crucially of import. What happened at NASA and Morton Thiokol is a utile lesson for corporations: non merely were the applied scientists overruled by the direction, they were so afraid of revenge that they did non travel outside the concatenation of bid. Other than honest ethical patterns, they had a ground to be. Thiokol s first reaction to the catastrophe was to penalize Roger Boisjoly and Allan McDonald, Director of Solid Rocket Motors. These two were the chief perpetrators of showing the beliing launch grounds on the dark before the launch and besides the applied scientists who testified entirely before the Presidential Commission. The Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident was a thorough and complete probe into the infinite shuttle accident. The members of the committee did a first-class occupation of methodically traveling through each possible scenario and demoing how it could or could non hold impact the concluding consequence of the infinite shuttle accident. Upon happening the root of the job, they were able to show a history of anterior jobs with the O-rings, and demo a deficiency of stairss in guaranting the complete solution to this job. The committee completed its assigned undertaking of happening the job and suggesting a solution to guarantee that a national calamity of this magnitude would non happen in the hereafter and did an first-class occupation of showing it in the Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident.

Fear No More Essays - Kings Men, William Shakespeare, Poetry

Fear No More William Shakespeare utilizes simplistic language to emphasize the themes in "Fear no more;" however, he exercises complex metaphors to depict the struggles one undergoes during a lifetime and as a result urges the reader to overcome all melancholic sentiments that lead one to oppose a peaceful death. The diction applied in "Fear no more" efficiently creates emphasis on specific sections of the poem. In addition, the euphonic flow used by Shakespeare illustrates the author's serenity and resignation towards the subject at hand. In essence, Shakespeare's "Fear no more" employs rhetorical devices such as repetition, appeal to the audience, and imagery to reveal the desired theme. The fundamental theme of this poem is regarding the significance of succumbing to death, for after having a full life everyone must fearlessly face the end. In addition, the poem emphasizes that one should not fight against the arrival of death in any of its forms. In fact, this argument is first introduced in the title and further displayed throughout Shakespeare's poem. In the first line of all three stanzas, the author begins with the phrase, "Fear no more," openly showing his belief that one should willingly submit to mortality. Furthermore, the poem's theme is displayed through the phrase "all must ... come to dust." By acknowledging that death is inevitable for all of humanity, the author attempts to emphasize his belief that one should not "fear" fate. The theme of the poem is also reinforced through repetition. For example, to emphasize his stance, the author repeats the phrase, "Fear no more" in the first line of the first, second, and third stanza of the poem. Once again this occurs with the phrase, "must... come to dust" in the fifth and sixth line of the first, second, and third stanza. This is of importance Vidal 2 because it reiterates that the author's main purpose is to instill the notion that one should not struggle against mortal defeat because it will eventually come upon everyone, including those that have attained fulfillment from life. In the first two stanzas of Shakespeare's poem, the theme is applied to a wide audience that may have different fears. In the first stanza Shakespeare explains that one should, "Fear not the heat o' the sun, /Nor the furious winter's rages" for everyone including "Golden lads and girls all must, / As chimney-sweepers, come to dust." Through these ideas, the author seems to be asking his audience, the young and wealthy ("Golden") as well as the older and poor ("chimney-sweepers"), to appreciate the good things in life and not to preoccupy themselves with insignificant things such as the changes in the elements. In addition, he is expressing the opinion that death will follow one's life, whether good or bad, and is not something to dread because everyone will, at one point or another, have to endure it's arrival. Throughout the rest of the poem, he continues to stress this idea by addressing different fears and other types of people. Next, the author urges the reader to no longer fear the "frown o' the great" or the "tyrant's stroke" because even the "scepter, learning, [and] physic, must/ All follow this, and come to dust" (stanza 2). Through these ideas, the poet shows that he wants the reader to lead a carefree life and not be anxious about what others may think or do. Furthermore, these lines also emphasize Shakespeare's thought that regardless of one's status as royalty, philosopher, or doctor one should not attempt to fight death. Overall, by incorporating diverse groups of people as well as different fears each may have, Shakespeare is able to convey his message of willful surrender to death. Lastly, the poet uses the third stanza to bring together the ideas of the first two stanzas in order to emphasize his position, however he adds a twist that stresses the importance of this concluding stanza. For example, he asks the reader, as in the previous stanzas, not to be alarmed by nature ("lightning-flash," the "dreaded thunder-stone,") or by those who will attempt to hurt Vidal 3 one with careless words or actions ("slander, censure rash"). As opposed to the other stanzas, the third does not urge the reader to ignore the small trifles in life. This idea is seen as Shakespeare continues this final thought by stating, "Thou hast finished joy and moan. / All lovers young, all lovers must / Consign to thee, and come to dust." This statement attempts to show that once one is dead one can no longer enjoy the happiness ("joy") or

The Attitudes of Death by the Deceased essays

The Attitudes of Death by the Deceased essays Emily Dickinson and Randall Jarrell both use a unique style of narration, having the deceased speak. Only through this manifestation do these poems have a lasting impact and greater meaning. Both in Dickinsons I heard a Fly Buzz-and in Jarrells Death of the Ball Turret Gunner, death is portrayed through the words of the posthumous speakers without the orthodox conception of heaven, but instead with an anomalistic manifestation of death as purely the end of ones existence; Using its own unique metaphor each poem brings into view the dismal transition from life to the withered state of death. In Dickensons I heard a Fly Buzz- a simple fly is used in the ceremonious transition from life to death as God is absent. The central figure of the scene is expected to make a glorious exit and the build-up is just right for it, but at the moment of climax it was not God that came but there interposed a Fly. The fly comes between the speaker and the onlookers, between life and death. No longer is her family and friends, or the material items that have been the focus of her attention throughout her life important to her, in her last moments her attention is on the fly. It is the fact that the fly obscures the ritual of dying, flying between the light and me, that allows the speaker to see the fact of death. The fly obliterates the speakers false notions of death and becomes a reminder of her ghastly condition and decay. The only sound of heavenly music is the uncertain stumbling buzz of the fly. The buzz grows until it takes up her entire field of perception and comes between her and the light until the windows fail and she is left in darkness, in ignorance, and in death. It is then that she can not see to see as she is ignorant. The fly reduced human life to an elementary and meaningless level. Ins...

Business Environment Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business Environment Analysis - Coursework Example As discussed in an earlier study, technology implementation is vital for the growth of any enterprise. Myra in order to successfully expand and attract more customers needs to implement some basic technology in order to manage and keep track of its customers (especially scheduling and cancellations), inventory management and employee management, as well as security. For this purpose, some investment needs to be made in a workstation, and surveillance cameras. Cameras need to be positioned in a way that it does not invade the privacy of the customers, especially since it is a salon. One main computer should be enough for the moment to successfully handle inventory and customers. For this purpose, specially designed software that manages these functional areas needs to be installed. I would recommend Salon Iris Software (Pro Version). It is relatively economical, runs on PC (business or home computer) works with printers, cash drawers, and scanners. (SalonIris, 2014) One can log in from anywhere with Remote Access and apps for iPhone, iPad & Android, moreover, it is optimized for small to large salons and spas and includes marketing, payroll, pictures, accounting, and more. (SalonIris, 2014). The Pro Version is priced at $1399 for a one time investment OR a monthly subscription of $109. (SalonIris, 2014). Another computer may be required to monit or the surveillance cameras. No special training is required to operate the software. However, special security personnel may be required to monitor the cameras continuously. With the implementation of this software, Myra will be able to successfully manage client scheduling and allot specific times and or discounts to special customers (based on their service history with Myra). The software efficiently manages Inventory as well. To add to the features, it keeps a track of employee work hours as well as payrolls. The major advantage

Business Ethics Learning Logs (1,2,3,4) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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Against campital punishment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Against campital punishment - Research Paper Example The death penalty is a matter of dynamic discussion in different nations and states, and positions can shift inside a solitary political belief system or social district. Rivals of the death penalty contend that not all individuals influenced by homicide covet a capital punishment, that execution victimizes minorities and poor people, and that it supports a "society of brutality" and that it abuses human rights. Capital punishment is substantially more extravagant than existence without the chance for further appeal because the Constitution obliges a long and complex legal procedure for capital cases. This methodology requires to keep in mind the end goal to guarantee that guiltless men and lady are not executed for law violations they did not confer, and even with these assurances, the danger of executing a blameless individual cannot be totally killed (Shepherd, 283-300). In the event that capital punishment was supplanted with a sentence of life without the possibility of Parole, which costs millions less furthermore guarantees that general society is secured while taking out the danger of an irreversible slip-up, the cash spared could be used on projects that really enhance the groups in which we live. The a great many dollars in investment funds could be used in education, streets, cops and open security programs, after-school projects, medication and liquor treatment, youngster misuse aversion programs, mental wellbeing administrations, and administrations for wrongdoing exploited people and their families (Shepherd 301-321). The vast majority who support capital punishment trust it is more practical than life in jail. Maybe at one time, when executions were quick and beyond any doubt, this may have been the situation. Ellsworth and Samuel (19-22) specified that the vast majority proficient about the subject would concur that the deferral now incorporated with the framework, more

Entrepreneurship Facing Double The Risk Marketing Essay

Entrepreneurship Facing Double The Risk Marketing Essay The flowering tea shops have market; have a benefit, few competitors, and small investment. Nowadays, entrepreneurship facing double the risk that is from the capital and competition. The flower tea shops have great market potential, such a large potential from women and a developed country such as Singapore. Woman in Singapore developed countries, daily work quite hard, Whether physical or mental, all have posed immense pressure, in the company have boss and work pressure, while back home, also are not necessarily relaxed, there are a lot of housework or children, If it is a strong devotion to women, Will be more tired, pressure is from the company task, or is by their own psychological pressure. Imperceptibly, life becomes boring at all. Even more frightening is that this pressure is not good channels and ways to relax. Not only need relax the body, mind has also need been relaxed. Flower tea shop selling not just tea, more of services, is a feeling, is a let the women get double relaxation of body and mind, and even sublimation place. Why girls will spend several hundred dollars to do SPA, these women are not necessarily to do skin maintenance, May be more to enjoy in order to get one supremacy service, let the body relax, relieve work pressure. Coffee shops and pubs also have a relaxing effect, but women go to the coffee shop is not the best choice, less likely to go to the bar to get a real sense of relaxation, only temporary physical release and catharsis. SPA high grade casual place not everyone can go feel, the price is too high, could only meet part of the population. Flower tea shop can make consumers to feel at home, comfortable atmosphere, soothing music with fragrance of flower tea, can get real on the body and mind to relax. The store will also carry out a number of limitations, in order to ensure that every customer can enjoy the perfect relaxed atmosphere of flower tea shop. Flower tea with health and beauty effect will be sought after by the female customers. An enterprise focus on should be the service and standards. GOOD TIME flower tea shop form is flower tea, spirit is the service, atmosphere and feeling. Flower tea shops are not profit-oriented and customer-oriented. Then will be able to get succeed in the rapidly developing countries of Singapore. 2.1 Company current status Flower tea shop belonging to a limited liability partnership  ¼Ã‹â€ LLP) , the registered capital of only the S $ 165. Make that choice because it can help reduce the start-up capital of the Company. 2.2 Company name and logo The company name is GOOD TIME, mean that flowers tea can bring to every consumer good mood. Take away by all day of the fatigue and stress. Get physically and mentally relax. 2.3 The location of company The GOOD TIME flowers tea shops will open in city hall areas. One reason the rent is cheaper relative to the Orchard areas, Second reason is a major consumer of flower tea shop white-collar women, Singapore the city hall region relatively more than high-rise buildings and department stores, white collar females in this area will be more than other place, the lot more consumers and relatively cheap rents is the best choice for flower tea shop. (Source: created for this business plan Adapt from Google, 2012. http://maps.google.com/) 2.4 Mission statement Vision comes from the old English word witan, means to know, as in the power of anticipating that which will or may come to be. A companys vision is an expression of the businesss aspirations going forward-what we desire to become. (Thomas, 2009 A) GOOD TIME flower tea store has an exciting ambition to become Singapores largest chain operations flower tea stores, with high-quality service and products, to provide customers with healthy and natural. In order to achieve this goal, the flowers tea store knows the company needs to nurture great people. The companies want the best talent working at GOOD TIME no matter who they are. The companies will also positive innovation and development products. 2.5 Vision statement Mission comes from the Latin word, mission meaning sending away a group to a foreign country. Companys mission (or mission statement) describes the fundamental purpose of the organization-why we exist. (Thomas, 2009 B) The mission of GOOD TIME flower tea store is to become an extension of the living room of the middle and upper class families, high quality and low overhead social spaces, the third best place to work outside the home. 2.6 Company management system In the early stage the operating area is small, small staff, relatively easy to manage. The company has one manager, one technical personnel, one waiter, two waitresses and one cashier. Requirements: Employees must work on time every day. If the employee is faced with an emergency or have a specific reason can not to go to work, needed to ask for leave to the consent of the boss agreed. Work is not allowed to answer personal phone calls, not absent without leave, at least left a staff at the front desk. Before off duty need to tidy up drinks area of tables, chairs and tea set. after the boss visits, then the staff can leaving.(Tea are glassware, fragile, if any damage to be according to the cost of compensation) 3. Indusrty Analysis 3.1 PESTLE analysis (Source: created for this project adapted from internet) One of the most common models used to analysis the macro environment is the PEST analysis, which focuses on four elements: Political, Economical, Socio-demographical, and Technological factors. The PEST analysis is sometimes expanded with two factors: Legislative and environmental, renaming the PESTLE analysis. (Poul 2010) Completing a PESTLE analysis is very simple and can be undertaken by individuals, or during a team meeting or workshop. Originally referred to as PEST analysis, the legal and environment prompts were added in more recent times. (Stationery Office 2010) 3.1.1 Political factor The Singapore political risk is relatively low, compared to other countries. Singapore is a democratic country, the elected representative of the whole country, Since Singapores independence, Politics has been relatively stable, Singapore has become a better business opportunities for countries. In order to adapt to the commercial economic globalization trends, The Singapore government has recognized that in addition to support commercial also need to support entrepreneurship. Therefore, Singapore is one of the countries with the lowest tax of the worlds, In addition to the tax rates and tax incentives, Singapore is also widely with 70 countries has a double taxation avoidance agreements .Since 2012 only 17% of the corporate income tax (2012). Tax concessions flexible and less political risk for the development of enterprises in Singapore has a good role in promoting. 3.1.2 Economic factor Singapores annual economic growth rate is 4.9% in 2011(2012). However, due to Singapores trade and financial openness, the continued turmoil in the euro zone debt crisis and other adverse external factors will have a significant impact on the economic growth of Singapore. Experts predict that, if the euro debt crisis worsens ¼Ã…’Coupled with the slow U.S. economic recovery ¼Ã…’Singapore this years economic growth rate has dropped to 1% or less. However, in Singapore the internal environment of low unemployment and low interest rates will be able to support domestic demand. Singapore has sufficient policy space to mitigate the adverse impact of the global slowdown and financial market turmoil. Although the global economic outlook is not optimistic, although the global economic outlook is not optimistic, Slowdown in external demand, Decline in trade and other adverse factors will impact on the Singapore economy. But Food, beverages and tobacco industry GDP in the first half of 2012 still an increase of 4.0%; Singapores economic growth is expected to rebound to 3.4% in 2013 (2012). So, in this light that Singapore economic turmoil for the food, beverage and tobacco industry will not be too adversely affected. 3.1.3 Socio-demographical factor Population is constitute the market most basic factors, Demographic factors of a country or region, In a certain sense to decide the countrys market size and market appeal. According to the 2010 Population Census in Singapore, the total pulsations are 5.08 million. Citizens and permanent residents is 3.77 million, a 15.3% increase over 2000.Sex ratio: 0.95:1.00. In the age group, 13.8% of 0-14 years old, 77% between 15-64 years of age, 9.2% for 65 years of age or older. Singapore citizen is use racial to distinction: Chinese accounted for 74.1% of the population, 13.4% of the Malaysian, Indians 9.2% and Eurasians 3.3%, the main religions are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Christianity and Hinduism (2010). Singapores growing population is conducive to the increase in the Singapore market size and market appeal. Due to women, young people and the elderly is a major consumer of herbal tea crowd, the female population is more than male population is conducive to the development of the herbal tea industry. Tea culture originated in China, the Chinese people love tea, Singapore has 74.1% of the Chinese, and this will bring good prospects for herbal tea sales. 3.1.4 Technological factor Technological factor affecting the competitiveness of the products, technological innovation that can enhance the product vitality, flower tea stores itself is an innovative, in Singapore market the most of the beverage industry are tea stores, coffee stores and there are also have many herbal tea store, but this herbal tea stores is very common and have a long history , flower tea store is all use the flowers as a raw material, flower tea also call herbal tea, health, beauty and other features will attract the attention and love of many consumers. Followed by the technological innovation is the innovation of the product itself, the company will have a bold innovation for herbal tea tastes, not only ordinary single herbal tea, will also introduce a comprehensive herbal tea, fruit mixed herbal tea and flavor spices herbal tea, each quarter of the company also will launch a new herbal tea, in order to adapt to market demand progress. Finally, environmental innovation will bring physical and sensory enjoyment to the customer, the store will set up three different styles of drink tea zone, use of flower, forest and bamboo as the main theme, the chair will only appear on the form of the swing, and strive to allow customers to experience the immersive feel. 3.1.5 Legislative factor Legal factors include consumer law, antitrust law, discrimination law and health and safety law. Singapore law from strict system of is also the world famous. Strict legal system for Businessmen bring protection also brings some constraints. Singapore to amend the Consumer Protection Act in February 2012 and starting at September, The vast majority of legitimate business retailers will not have much effect; there will not be too much of the burden. Singapore is a small country and has small population, resource scarcity, so Singapore attaches great importance to food safety issues, and has been to strengthen the food safety law, intended to eliminate and reduce the inflow of substandard food. The company in order to ensure the smooth good development in Singapore, the company will comply with all laws and regulations, not only to protect the companys own interests but also to protect the interests of consumers. 3.1.6 Environmental factor Singapores population high density, more people and less land, coupled with the perennial high temperatures and rainy and other environmental problems. Just have very few people planting flowers and tea, the tea mainly relied on imports or a small part of the territory of the processing, Not only imports of Chinese tea, but also imported British tea. Therefore, due to the special environment of Singapore, flower tea generally require from Chinese imports, although the tea in China is high quality and reasonable price, However, due to imports still lead to the cost of flower tea increase. Singapore has relatively long drink herbal tea culture, Singapore is a tropical region, it is easy to heatstroke, and tea can resolve summer heat. Also, because Singapore belongs to the developed countries, the pursuit of a healthy diet is relatively high, more and more people love to drink tea. So comprehensive market environment in Singapore, flower tea for its health features will conquer Singaporeans. 3.2 Porters Five Forces à ¤Ã‚ »- (Source: created for this project adapted from internet) Michael Porter is widely recognized as the greatest and most influential thinkers of business theory, praised as the father of competitive strategy. Porters five forces model in the last two decades is one of the well-known concept of the corporate strategy makers. For the strategy makers, in the implementation of any strategy that may affect a companys strategic position, these five forces play an indispensable leverage. Collection of five competitive forces can determine the profitability of a company. The five forces energy intensity will be different in different industries, and will change with the development of the industry. (Charles and Gareth 2009) These five forces are: Rivalry among competitors Threat of new entrants Bargaining power of buyers Bargaining power of suppliers The threat of substitute (Source: created for this business plan) 3.2.1 Rivalry among competitors (strong) The competition will lead to in marketing, research and developments put into or reduce, the results will reduce the companys profits. Factors affecting the intensity of competition: Exit barriers, industry concentration, industry growth rate, degree of product differentiation, brand recognition, opponents difference degree and so on. In Singapore market has a dedicated sales flower tea competitiveness is few, But in the entire beverage industry competitors are more ¼Ã…’Like milk tea store (KOI, Sweat talk), herbal tea stores (the zhengzhongping, Fuhua), coffee(starbucks), teahouse. These beverage outlets are generally chain operations, strong popularity and have the fixed customer base, deeply by the Singapore people love, so those beverage outlets have strong Competitiveness. Faced with strong competitors ¼Ã…’Company should actively learn from competitors strategic approach, constantly to change the self strategy and to develop a long-term goal, flower tea stores spirit of health, weight-loss, beauty and other characteristics, must be able to build a new field. 3.2.3 Threat of new entrants (weak) The arrival of new competitors will inevitably break the equilibrium in the market, caused by the reaction of existing competitors compete ¼Ã…’it is inevitable to transferred the new resource used to compete, so make gains reduce. Factors affect of potential entrants: Price advantage, capital investment, government policy is to protect, economies of scale, brand influence, the high cost of conversion, the retaliatory confrontation and exclusive possession of the product. The flower tea store appear as a relatively new drinks ¼Ã…’Is relatively rare in China, especially in Singapore, flower tea store have a very small threat of new entrants, the biggest threat may come from and teahouse. Since teahouse and flower tea store is a similar type, flower tea belongs to a kind of tea, China is the worlds earliest discovered tea tree country, and also is the first national cultivation of tea tree. Chinese tea culture has a long history, the Chinese people in their daily life are inseparable from the tea, and more and more foreigners also had a keen interest in Chinas tea culture. Singapore has 74.1% of the Chinese (2010), so flower tea peer competition is from the teahouse. Flower tea store should actively to face competition from new entrants, and learn from each other, and continue to progress. Of the threat as a motive power, in order to remain invincible in the fierce competitive environment, obtaining à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹the largest gains. 3.2.3 Bargaining power of buyers (weak) If the buyer is have the bargaining power. They will take advantage of it. This will reduce the companys profits and its results are the impact of the rate of return. Factors affecting the buyers ability to: bargaining power, access to information, brand recognition, price sensitivity, backward integration, the selection of alternatives, incentive systems, such as government subsidies. The flowers tea industry in different regions will have different results, if in the Chinese market, the tea industry competition is very strong, This means that customers will have more choice, if the Operators want to get more benefits and customers in a competitive environment, It must reduce prices or improve the quality of products and services in order to attract more customers, and thereby gain interest. In this case, the buyers bargaining power is strong. However the flowers tea shops in the Singapore market is a fledgling stage, mainly competitors is from the alternatives industrys, Competition in the same industry is relatively small, The flowers tea stores in the spirit of the excellent quality of itself, the product owned health and beauty, slimming features, Most customers will be attracted by the characteristics of the product itself, especially female customers will be interested by the beauty and slimming function. In this case, the buyers bargaining power is relatively weak. 3.2.4 Bargaining power of suppliers (medium) The bargaining power of suppliers is contrast with the buyer, the suppliers will try to raise prices; its results will also affect the companys rate of return. Factors that influence the ability of suppliers: Concentration of suppliers, the importance of the product of the number of suppliers, invest the difference, investment cost and differentiation, alternative products inputs presence, threat of forward integration, the cost in the purchasing power of the relative industry. Singapores population high density, more people and less land, coupled with the perennial high temperatures and rainy and other environmental problems. So flowers tea is mainly dependent on imports, Currently able to supply the flowers tea shops of the products have Chinese ¼Ã…’Germany, France, UK, Australia, Canada and other countries. Due to the limited cost and China is a country has a long history of tea culture, close to Singapore, can be reduce the cost of imports. So most import source from China, due to china has many tea suppliers and its mainly distributed in South China region, however, for a single type flower tea suppliers is relatively less, flower tea in China is in the initial stage, although the development of very fast, but still there is no more tea suppliers, so the bargaining power of suppliers is middle. 3.2.5 The threat of substitute  ¼Ã‹â€ medium ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° The existence of alternative flowers tea products and services on the market that means that the flowers tea product prices will be limited. Factors affecting the substitutes: conversion costs ¼Ã…’the preference of the buyer of the alternatives, cost performance of the alternatives and alternative relationship. With the development of science and technology, appeared a growing number of substitute products. Substitutes is means the two products exists the competing sales relationship ¼Ã…’That the increase in the sales of a product that will reduce the potential sales of another product. Flower tea store in the Singapore market substitutes was herbal tea shop, like FuHua. The two stores have the same characteristics, health. Herbal tea shop popular in Singapore for a long time, Herbal tea shops usually provide customers with finished ¼Ã…’can be drunk directly, cheap and convenient features already have some loyal customers ¼Ã…’and have strong profitability. So it will bring greater pressure on some of the companys original products ¼Ã…’Sometimes had to reduce prices in order to increase sales ¼Ã…’this makes some price constraints on a lower level, the Company in a passive position in the competition. flower tea shops own start-up capital is relatively small, the conversion costs of the substitutes is small, then the herb tea shop on the pressure brought by the company will be bigger. So can be drawn by said threat of substitutes is relatively medium. Flower tea stores should be taken to reduce the price of a product, same time vigorously to promote have anti-obesity product, and this will not only improve the sales of the product, but will also reduce the sales of substitute products. This at the expense of a product, stable development of another product strategy, can improve the popularity of the product and the companies, at the same time leave a good image in the minds of customers. 3.3 SWOT analysis The SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats of a company, it provides information that is helpful in matching the companys resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates .the resulting SWOT matrix contrasts the results of the internal analysis (strengths and weakness) and the external analysis (opportunities and threats) to define strategic fields of action. That application of a SWOT analysis is therefore instrumental in strategy formulation and selection. (Nadine and Anne 2009) 3.3.1 Strengths Health Beauty More innovative Price is moderate Easy to preserve, quality is relatively stable Herbal tea is known as health tea, in the West, flowers tea called Herbal Tea, A beverage based on the herb for the preparation of raw materials. Flowers tea market in Singapore is a whole new market. Has the characteristic of the return to nature, health, health and beauty, is a romantic casual drink. It does not contain caffeine, so avoid the ordinary tea make it difficult to sleep and so on. Edible natural flowers contains a variety of plant extracts and a biologically active substance, possess Nutrition, health and medicinal properties. Flowers tea join berry after brewing, colorful, overflowing aroma, ratio of traditional drink more innovative, so better able to attract more of the pursuit of female beauty. Herbal tea possess the efficacy of herbal tea, but the sweet smell taste far inferior to Herbal tea, natural majority of young people are choosing the latter. Price is moderate to possess a wide range of consumption basis, flowers tea is unlike the green tea, oolong tea, Puer tea mostly positioned in the ranks the high-end products, flowers tea product positioning in the low-end, easy to form a scale, and has the a wide range of consumption basis. Flowers tea is easy to save, the quality is relatively stable. Flower tea is relatively the green tea and oolong tea that is relatively easy is saved. The flower tea is reprocessing tea ¼Ã…’in flower tea production process, through the blending ¼Ã…’plastic and other delicate process, processing of the tea quality maintain a relatively stable, easy to formation of scale and brand management. 3.3.2 Weakness Brand awareness is small Competitor multi High Manage risk flower tea shop is an emerging industry in Singapore ¼Ã…’Singapore market are mostly packed flower tea. No one tea shop can be provided to the customer a space drinks tea and provide ready-made flower tea drinks. This emerging flower tea shop is relatively not having the brand awareness in Singapore market. Flower tea shop in beverage market possesses many competitors, such as coffee shops, herbal tea shops and milk tea shop. these drinks for Singapore consumers have a great affection ¼Ã…’These drinks shop can attract different sectors of consumer groups and have a fixed customer base. Many shops are chain management, with a strong brand awareness and competitiveness. Flower tea shop belonging the early start, have strong manage risk, improper management typically include: Arbitrary decision-making, information barrier ¼Ã…’Concept is unclear, worry about the outcome ¼Ã…’Choosing the wrong people ¼Ã…’ignore the innovation ¼Ã…’Eager to succeed ¼Ã…’Blindly follow the trend, Weak-willed so on. Especially early start by a single of knowledge, Lack of experience, financial strength and mental quality obviously insufficient, Will increase in management of risk. 3.3.3 Opportunities Huge consumer market The pursuit of health Singapore is tropical rainforest climate In Singapore, the proportion of women and men is 1:0.95, people between 15-64 years of age accounted for 77% of the total population of Singapore(2010), and Herbal tea positioned of major consumer group is women and young people. Singapore belongs to the developed countries, the relatively high level of per capita consumption. Therefore, flower tea shop in Singapore has a huge consumer market. With the continuous development of society, Consumers in pursuit of the simple life while also increasing emphasis on health issues. Consumers in the purchase of product will also pay attention to that product impact on health and the environment, natural without any additives food has become the darling of the modern society. Flowers tea without any additives also has a healthy, weight-loss, beauty and other effects will naturally by the majority of consumers love, especially female consumers. Consumer to the health commodity needs will make the flowers tea with a huge space for development. The Singapore in equatorial online, so year round in the tropical rain forest climate, hot, rainy natural environment is easy to bring heat stroke and other discomfort. Singapore people for reduce pathogenic drinks have very large demand; flowers tea has a lot of the product itself that owned have Reduce Pathogenic effect, and tasty, beautiful appearance. So the flower tea will be welcomed by the people of Singapore. 3.3.4 Threats Beauty and lose weight method is more and more Consumers have a certain degree of drinking habits In the technological advances of today, beauty and lose weight method is more and more, like skin care products and plastic surgery. People will choose the direct use of skin care products to beauty, the effect is more obvious and more quickly. but want to use the flower tea to achieve weight-loss and beauty effect that must be kept within a period of time to drink tea in every day, the effect and speed was not as good as cosmetics to the better, So this is a threat for flowers tea. Most consumers already have some drinking habits. Such as tea, milk, coffee, milk, juice, cola, herbal tea and other drinks has been deep into the minds of consumers, and these drinks are widely distributed, easy to buy , each customer will could paying for these drinks, flower tea shop wants to change the habits of the customer will be more difficult. The customers for drinking habits will generate some threats and obstacles for flowers tea sales. 3.4 Competitor analysis There are various forms of commercial competition in the market, these competitions from several competitors and the level of competition is increasingly fierce. In this competitive environment, upper policymakers main task is the precise positioning of the company, accurately locked resources as well as according to their environment to capitalize on the trend. Therefore, whether skilled business and competitive analysis will determine whether a company has competitiveness and whether it also allowed them to benefit the interests of the partners. Flower tea stores in Singapores one of the biggest competitors is KOI Cafe. In fact, the popular for pearl milk tea in Singapore has subsided awaited, but ¼Ã…’the 50 LAN from Taiwan with a unique marketing mode that won the favor of the handsome boys girls. KOI Cafe bubble tea completely the production of raw materials and methods ¼Ã…’Even shaking drinks machine is also from Taiwan. Its greatest feature and selling point is humane service. Guests can choose the beverage tastes, requirements according to their individual preferences adding 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% of the different sugar content. In this way, the beauty of the people does not have to be afraid of fat on the bubble tea prohibitive. KOI Cafe prices between 1.40 and 6.70 Singapore dollars of KOI Cafe Declaration: uphold service quality, health, and our insistence and attitudes, let 50 LAN in Singapore also dazzling (2012). Flower tea shop in Singapores second largest competitor is Starbucks. Starbucks is the worlds leading coffee chain, Established in 1971, Headquartered in Seattle, Washington, United States. Starbuckss retail products, including 30 variety of the worlds top coffee beans , handcrafted espresso coffee and a variety of coffee hot and cold drinks, delicious pastries fresh food as well as a variety of coffee machines, coffee mugs and other merchandise. Starbucks is not just coffee, Coffee only a carrier. It is through the coffee this vector, Starbucks to send a unique style to the customer. Coffee consumption is largely an emotional and cultural level of consumer; cultural communication needs Coffee shop to create the environment culture capable of infecting customers, and the formation of a good interactive experience. Starbucks loved by many students and office workers in Singapore. But most Starbucks shops service charge of 17% (2010), higher consumption threshold, store often customers too much, leading to congestion. 3.5 Competitive Profile Matrix Table 1 ¼Ã… ¡Competitive Profile Matrix of GOOD TIME Flower Tea Company (Source: created for this business plan) From this CPM matrix can be drawn: the competitive situation in GOOD TIME flower tea store, the company matrix weighted score is 2.75; its main competitor KOI Cafe and Starbucks weighted score is 3.2 and 3.45. From the matrix of the competitive situation, we can conclude that the strength of the order of the competitive situation in the Flower tea store market from strong to weak order: Starbucks, KOI Cafe, GOOD TIME flower tea store. This is reflects the GOOD TIME flower tea store in the Singapore market is not very strong and market share is not high. However ¼Ã…’Starbucks the indicators are more than Flower tea store, Flower tae store is in the future development of the Starbucks as the goal, and actively strive to develop. 4. Products and Services Line The old saying say that man drinking tea, woman drinking herbal tea, flower tea is a natural drink, Rich in vitamins, and does not contain caffeine and artificial coloring. Herbal tea set tea flavor and flower scent into one. While maintaining the rich refreshing tea flavor and in the same time also have deeply flower scent. The flower tea has a good pharmacological effect, long-term drinking the herbal tea for human body all kind various diseases has a certain improvement, and there also have a lot of benefit for acne, weight-loss, and defecation and so on. 4.1 Product GOOD TIME Flower Tea Company is contains four major product, are the single flower tea, comprehensive flower tea, mixed fruit flower tea and spices flower tea. Single flower tea (Source: adapted from http://image.com) <

Cloning More Ethically Acceptable than Global Warming Essay -- Climate

Cloning More Ethically Acceptable than Global Warming One day soon, human clones will walk among us. Does the thought send a shiver up your spine? How about the notion of eating french fries from a potato engineered with jellyfish genes to make its leaves bioluminescent? We should consider our responses to both issues now, before reality comes knocking at the door. Several groups have announced intentions to clone humans, and the bioluminescence gene has already been successfully incorporated into potato plants. If those prospects make you squirm, you're not alone. The public's emotional response to the issues of human cloning and biotechnology far outstrips its response to global warming and widespread species extinction. When Dolly the sheep was first cloned by Scottish scientists, political leaders around the world sensed the negative reactions among their constituents and moved to pass legislation banning the new technology in humans. Any new developments in the area stir up fresh controversy, such that the cloning issue is frequently featured on the front page of major newspapers. These articles seem to suggest that apart from a few mad scientists, most everyone agrees that cloning humans is wrong. But why is it so wrong? Consider the Monitor's quotes from the experts. Professor Chen, vice-president of Beijing University, says about human cloning, "There isn't a controversy. There's no real discussion. We know it's wrong and not natural." John White, who is secretary for science policy at the Australian Academy of Science, is equally willing to speak authoritatively on the issue: "We clearly oppose cloning whole human beings. There are too many troubling ethical and moral issues." &nbs... ...oss of biodiversity, humans are playing God to the extreme and are seriously harming the organisms themselves, as well as existing and future generations of humans. If tinkering with the genes of God/Nature's creations is wrong, then surely the complete extinction of thousands of species - of God/Nature's creation - and the complete transformation of His/Her planet is the ultimate evil. For the sake of consistency and morality, we must get passionate about these issues. Since Dolly the sheep hit the headlines in 1997, many people think of cloning whenever they think broadly of "ethical issues." Genetic engineering conjures the same reaction for similar reasons. But cloning and genetic engineering are nothing but small moral peanuts in relation to our negligent treatment of the organisms that grace this planet and render it habitable for humanity.

Analytical Examination Essay

This paper will analyze about the RA 10354 also called Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012. This essay will present a short history of the law here in the Philippines until it become enacted and implemented. This will discuss the major provisions of the law together with its important contents ranging from health care to contraception. This will also discuss the issues that are connected to this law while it was a bill such as maternal death, early pregnancy, premarital sex, poverty and population and reproductive health education. Issues concerned with legislation of the bill such as the necessity and morality of the bill and its contents like contraception and reproductive health education will be especially presented. Other news which may have affected the support for the bill will be also presented and analyzed. This will also present the major groups that approve or oppose the said law together with their reasons why they want or are against the said law. This will also talk about the actions those groups have taken for or against the law which may have affected the support for the bill’s implementation. This is also concerned with the voices of certain world organizations such as UNESCO and WHO on reproductive health education and the stand of the Church on the matter about contraception, self-continence and marriage. This will be concerned about their statement about the matter and the doctrines and values they adhere with. Summary Since its first proposition on 1988, the Reproductive Health Bill experienced many debates if it was really needed here in the Philippines. The proposition was changed and improved by a number of proponents many times but was mostly neglected. Then, a similar bill was also introduced in the first regular session of the 14th Congress by Albay Rep. Edcel C. Lagman, Jannette L. Garin, Narciso D. Santiago III, Mark Llandro Mendoza, Ana Theresia Hontiveros-Baraquel and Elandro Jesus F. Madrona that was known as House Bill 5043. Like that of the former bills, it was also disposed but its proponents never stop to improve, change and remove some parts of the former bill to create a new one. Many times Albay Rep. Edcel Lagman and its principal authors would edit the bill until the Reproductive Bill of 2012 was formed. Senator Pia Cayetano was also a principal sponsor of such bill. Upon December 19, 2012, the Senate enacted the bill and on December 21, 2012, four days before Christmas His Presidency, Benigno Aquino III signed the bill and was to be implemented fifteen days after its official publication. The law was known as RA 10354 or Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012. Its major provisions are to promote and have access to reproductive health care and methods that are legal and safe, to promote family planning methods and responsible parenthood, to counsel women who committed abortion in a humane way, to mandate reproductive health education in age appropriateness to students, to supply and maintain reproductive health services to all, to protect reproductive health rights and to penalize those who restricts or prohibits the access to reproductive health care and methods stated in this law. The law mandates the hire of skilled health professionals for maternal health care and birth attendance, seen in Sec. 5. It also promotes the upgrade of health care facilities for obstetric and newborn care as stated in Sec. 6 and to access for family planning methods especially to the poor and marginalized couple and to sexually active minors as said in Sec. 7. The law also states that â€Å"hormonal contraceptives, intrauterine devices, injectables and other safe, legal, non-abortifacient and effective family planning products and supplies†(RA 10354, Sec. 9) should be treated in the Essential Drugs List after subjection to reputable medical associations. It also mandates the procurement and distributions of family-planning supplies and age appropriate reproductive health education, stated in Sec. 10 and 14 respectively. And lastly, to condemn any who shall prohibit the access to health care and family-planning supplies. Since its first introduction by Albay Rep. Edcel Lagman, this law had reaped many opposition and approval before being enacted. The pro-woman groups fought for saving the lives of woman from maternal death on the other hand the Church and other pro-life groups fought for dignity of the unborn and the sanctity of marriage. The senate itself was divided for selecting to if they will oppose or approve the bill. The Former President and Pampanga Rep. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo was known to opposed the bill and be backed upon by the Church meanwhile President Benigno Aquino III shown agreement towards the bill and expected its implementation. The pronouncement of Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI to condoms also became news if the Church was open to contraception. This gave new hope for Edcel Lagman from acceptance of the Church but Paranaque Rep. Roilo Golez explained that the Pope talks about health, that preventing HIV from spreading is showing compassion but the Pope doesn’t said to use condoms to prevent pregnancy. Issues also attract the said bill. First, is about the legislation of the bill, if it was really relevant here in the country with regards to overpopulation, Availability/Provisions for RH information and healthcare for mothers and children. Another issue is if the RH Bill is moral, if the Church must interfere with the State and if the government is willing to give funds to the bill. Third, is about the consequence of a widespread of contraceptives with regards to health and sexual behavior. The last is concerned in the need of sex education in the country. The CBCP together with the national Church felt that it was time to educate again its faithful and made efforts on counteracting the bill. The Church turned offering masses, praying for the enlightenment of congressmen and women and explained that principles of the bill undermine the sanctity of life and marriage. They stated that overpopulation was not the problem but corruption and the unequal distribution of people. They seek to get online, and used CBCP for Life for addressing the matter and let the Simbang Gabi 2012 be used for educating the faithful. They also made catechisms with themes regarding the RH. Meanwhile, pro-woman and pro-RH group also organize plans for the bill. They have tied violet ribbons on their arm signifying their fight against HIV-AIDS. Informed people about gender inequality, maternal deaths, teenage pregnancy and HIV-AIDS and that the bill would help minimize or eliminate such problems. UNESCO and WHO also promotes the education of youths regarding reproductive health. They state that benefits such as a delay in sexual initiation; reduction of unwanted pregnancies, child abuse and abortion; and a slower spread of HIV could be obtained. It can also induce progress to gender equity, social participation and partnership. It prepares the youths for responsibility as adults, emphasizes health promotion and can improve relevance in education systems. Meanwhile, the Catholic Church holds its deposit of faith centered on Divine Love and Unity in Marriage. Its Catechism says that Marriage is by which a man and a woman establish intimate communion for life which is ordered for the good of the spouse and the procreation and education of children,(1660, Catechism of the Catholic Church). It also states that the total reciprocal self-giving is overlaid through contraception for it is a refusal for the total giving of self through taking away openness to life,( 2370,Catechism of the Catholic Church). It states that even intercourse with a legitimate wife but taking away the power to generate life is contrary to God’s will and leaves guilt of a grave sin,(55-56, Casti Connubii). The Church also teaches the virtue of chastity, that the couple must exercise conjugal love and fidelity and that of safeguarding life form the moment of conception, (51, Gaudium et Spes). She teaches that Marriage can never justify sexual intercourse which is contraceptive which oppose to its true meaning and that artificial methods could lead to marital infidelity and lowering moral standards, reduction of woman as mere object of satisfaction and intervening of public authorities to the most personal and intimate responsibilities of couples, (14,17; Humanae Vitae). It also addresses the value of self-discipline to repel inordinate self-interests and to control the passions of the body,(21, Humanae Vitae). References Software Ecumenical Council of Vatican II. Catechism of the Catholic Church. Retrieved from CATECH01. exe Websites and Webpages Anonymous. (2012, December 21). Republic Act 10354. Retrieved from http://pcw. gov. ph/sites/default/files/documents/laws/republic_act_10354. pdf Burgonio, T. (2010, November 21). Pope’s pronouncement on condoms strengthens RH Bill – Lagman. Retrieved from http://newsinfo. inquirer. net/breakingnews/nation/view/20101121-304495/Popes-pronouncement-on-condoms-strengthens-RH-bill–Lagman Dionisio, E. R. (2012, August 8). A Guide to Arguments for and against the Reproductive Health Bill. Retrieved from http://www. adnu. edu. ph/images/A%20Guide%20to%20Arguments %20For%20and%20Against%20the%20Reproductive%20Health%20Bill. pdf Ecumenical Council of Vatican II. Gaudium et Spes. Retrieved from http://www. vatican. va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_cons_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en. html Paul VI. Humanae Vitae. Retrieved from http://www. vatican. va/holy_father/paul_vi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_25071968_humanae-vitae_en. html Pius XI. Casti Connubii. Retrieved from http://www. vatican. va/holy_father/pius_xi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_31121930_casti-connubii_en. html Sun. star. Church RH Bill. Retrieved from http://www. sunstar. com. ph/davao/weekend/church-rh-bill Saclag, D. E. D. Group asks SC to lift suspension of RH Law. Retrieved from http://www. bworldonline. com/content. php? section=Nation&title=Group-asks-SC-to-lift-suspension-of-RH-Law&id=71130 Unknown. (2012, August 14). Reproductive Health Bill, Good or Bad. Retrieved from http://behealthconsciousblog. wordpress. com/2012/08/14/reproductive-health-bill-good-or-bad/ Unknown. (2012, December 29). Republic Act 10354, Reproductive Health Act of 2012. Retrieved from http://filipinoscribe. com/2012/12/29/republic-act-10354-reproductive-health-act-of-2012/ Unknown. House Bill no. 5043, Reproductive Health and Population Development Act of 2008. Retrieved from http://jlp-law. com/blog/full-text-of-house-bill-no-5043-reproductive-health-and-population-development-act-of-2008/ Villegas, B. M. et al. (2012, September 12) Handbook of Truths on RH Bill. Retrieved from http://cbcpforlife. com/? p=8859 Villegas, S. B. (2012, December 15). Contraception is Corruption, A Pastoral Letter on the Latest decision on the Rh Bill. Retrieved from http://cbcponline. net/v2/? p=6241 World Health Organization. Family Life, Reproductive Health and Population Education: Key Elements of a Health-Promoting School. Retrieved from http://hivaidsclearinghouse. unesco. org/search/resources/HIV%20AIDS%20231. pdf