Late Anglo-saxon Period Kings :: essays research papers fc

Late Anglo-Saxon Period Kings of WessexBy the time Edward the Martyr took the throne in 975, Christianity was widespread throughout England and the rest of Britain. Edward was born in 963, and was just entering his teenage years when his father, Edgar, died. He made a claim to the throne, as the setoff son of the king. His half-brother Aethelred, son of the third wife, made another claim (qtd in Britannia 1). Edward was murdered when he rode to visit Aethelred at Corfe is Dorset. Aethelreds vassals pretended to accept Edward, and in doing so, stabbed him. It is safe to assume that Aethelred would not have instigated this incident, being a mere seven years of age at the time. Edward was later canonized by his brother and was known as King Edward the Martyr.Following the assassination of his brother, Edward, Aethelred was forced upon the English throne at the age of ten. Aethelred was married twice. His first wife, Elfigfu of Mercia, bore him no less than eleven children. His second marriage to Emma of Normandy produced three children. Throughout his reign as King, he was hindered by the fact that he could not fully verify the support of his generals at a time when the Danish invaders were a constant threat to the English. In an act of futile appeasement, Aethelred attempted to stop Danish cravings by paying what was known as Danegeld. Danegeld was an annual tax believed to have been imposed originally to buy off Danish invaders in England (m-w 1). In 1009, however, the King of the Danes, Sweyn, persistent that as well as keeping the territory, and monies he had take holdn from the English, that he would now take the whole country. Four years later, in 1013, Sweyn had control of England and Aethelred had fled to Normandy to set about protection from Emmas brother, Robert the Good. Sweyn died in 1014 and Aethelred reclaimed the English crown for another 2 years before his death at the age of 48 in 1016.Following the death of Aethelred, there was a bloody wa r of succession expected to take place between Sweyns son, Cnut, and Edmund II, Aethelreds son. This war, didnt take place, however, simply because Cnut figured he could made do with Denmark and Norway.

Euthanasia Essays -- essays research papers

Euthanasia which comes from the Greek meaning of easy death is one of our societies highly debatable issues and the main reason for this wrinkle is against active euthanasia, which is when a terminally ill patient is administered with a lethal drug or using other means to cause there death. there is also Passive euthanasia, which means the stopping or not starting a persons treatment, leaving their condition to run its course, with disclose resuscitation. .Many people ponder this issue stating that they believe that by participating in the practice of active euthanasia, that they are "playing God," but isnt that what doctors are already doing by attempt to keep their patients alive? Or perhaps, even worse, that they believe that people who support euthanasia are not acting out of mercy, but rather out of selfishness or that they are just giving up. People also think that it is just a fancy name for take out but isnt murder defined as The unlawful, premeditated killing o f one human being by another. Where as with euthanasia an ill person is choosing to die and merely enquire for assistance by another human being so that they can die in dignity with out having to commit suicide which can be very hard on the persons family and can also cause some legal problems. Some may also argue the point of what to do if a person is suffering with an illness of which there seems no hope of recovery, yet they are unable to make a choice for themselves, how do we know what that p...

Feedback Stress: Does Auditory Feedback Negatively Affect Performance o

In his historic study, Stroop entrap that instruction severalizes of chromas interfered with individuals ability to name the ink color the word was printed in when the two differed (i.e., the word BLUE written in red ink) (1935). However, the basis of this phenomenon can be traced back to Cattell who found that naming colors and pictures took twice as long to accomplish than yarn the word these colors or pictures represented (1886). He cogitate that this was due to reading being an automatic process while identifying colors or pictures requires a conscious effort (Cattell, 1886). MacLeod (1991) reflects that it was Cattells work which strongly influenced future psychologist including Stroop.In his experiment, Stroop investigated how the reception time to name colors increased when it conflicted with the automatic process of reading. He broke down his experiment into three parts. In the first, he tested how reading the name of a color printed in a different ink color (i.e. , BLUE) differed from reading the name of a color printed in black ink (i.e., BLUE). The difference between the name of the color and the ink color it was printed in caused a slight interference resulting in an increased reaction time of 2.3 seconds (Stroop, 1935). In the second part of his experiment, Stroop (1935) looked at reaction time differences between naming the color of solid blocks (i.e., ) versus naming the color of the ink not the name of the color (i.e., responding RED for BLUE). He found that participants required 74% more time to name the color of the ink when it did not agree with the name of the color (Stroop, 1935). Stroop concluded that it was the interference between the automatic process of reading the names of the colored w... ...oop An interference task specialized for functional neuroimaging validation study with functional MRI. world Brain Mapping, 6(4), 270-282. inside 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1998)64Cattell, J. M. (1886). The time it takes to see and name objects. Mind, 11(41), 63-65.MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop Effect An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109(2), 163-203. doi 10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.163Richards, A., French, C. C., Johnson, W. Naparstek, J., & Williams, J. (1992). Effects of mood manipulation and anxiety on performance of an emotional Stroop task. British Journal of Psychology, 83, 479-491.Shor, R. E. (1975). An auditory analog of the Stroop test. Journal of General Psychology, 93, 281-288.Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643-662.

802.11 standards :: essays research papers

Abbreviation of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pronounced I-triple-E. Founded in 1884 as the AIEE, the IEEE was organise in 1963 when AIEE merged with IRE. IEEE is an organization composed of engineers, scientists, and students. The IEEE is best known for developing quantitys for the computer and electronics industry. In particular, the IEEE 802 standards for local- firmament networks be widely followed.Anyone that has worked with a computer on a network has at some point been exposed to the 802 standards. The 802 standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electonics Engineers for the primary use in the computer and electronics industry. The IEEE 802 standards for local area networks are widely followed. The IEEE only establishes the standard. The industry leaders in network technology have for the most part accepted these standards and develop their products to meet these standards.What are the pros and cons of developing to a set standard?The sta ndards developed under the 802 title cover several aspects of networking technology. A short list of the standard and the area cover areLAN/MAN Bridging & Management (802.1)Logical Link Control (802.2)Token Ring rag Method (802.5)Wireless LANs (802.11)Demand Priority Access Method (802.12)Wireless Personal Area Networks (802.15)Broadband Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (802.16)Resilent Packet Rings (802.17)(http//standards.ieee.org/catalog/olis/lanman.html)There has been volumes written on from each one of these standards. The one that most individuals have been exposed to is the 802.11(X) standard. This standard deals with the setup and use of a wireless local area network. This LAN for many is setup as a home network consisting of a high speed moden, wireless router and a pc/laptop with a wireless network interface card. approximately of the more popular vendors for wireless NICs and routers are Netgear, D-link and Belkins. The size and shape of the hardware might be slight ly different but they all accommodate to the 802.11 standard. Until recently most people didnt pay much attention to the small b following the 802.11 (802.11b). Most non-engineers would buy the product, install the device and hoped that it worked. In todays environment it may not be quite that easy. The type of NIC must match the router being used in terms of the 802.11( ) standard in use. These wireless products come in 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11b/g. These suffix letters have a distinct meaning in the world of wireless. Knowing what they mean pull down at a novice level will be a time and money saver.

Falsely Accused :: essays research papers

Falsely AccusedWhat has to happen before the media quits jumping to conclusions aboutnews stories ? It makes you honor about the possibility of legal restrictionson the amount of information that the media can put out before the actual casefulis proven and solved. I tight after all in the case of Richard Jewell , there wasa definite issue of false accusations . This man was treated unfairly under thefalse supposal that he was guilty of a crime that he did not commit.I think that Jewell should defiantly be compensated for the anguish thathe had to go done for over three months after that bombing. It was not badenough that he had to see his co-workers and hundreds of innocent peopleendangered and injured by the terrible misadventure in Atlanta. He also had to gothrough being accused of being behind the whole thing . How much worse could itget? I suppose what should people start to think ? He said that he felt like ananimal being stalked , just waiting to be killed . Now who are we to listen to ?This innocent man or the media , who obviously will print what it takes true oruntrue , to make a level .I think that we as Americans owe the accused of there legal right ofinnocent until proven guilty before we can start criminate them publicly. Thereis no reason to believe what is being said in the media until there is somedefinite truth in the case . I mean just because the cops may have beliefs thatthere is guilt means nothing . After all the FBI gave the media information andit was plain and simply wrong . The way the FBI handled the case was atrociousand intolerable. Who can we the public trust if we cant even trust a governing body legal authority? Who are we to go to at that point when thegovernment agencies are falsely accusing us ? I guess that Richard Jewell wasjust lucky enough to have a brave lawyer that cared and new there was nothingright about the way this man was being treated. I just think that is a seriousproblem , there have to be some better laws or restrictions .So in my belief we the public have the right to not be harassed by themedia any snip previous to the proven guilt in the crime we are accused of .

Falsely Accused :: essays research papers

Falsely AccusedWhat has to happen before the media quits jumping to conclusions almostnews stories ? It makes you wonder about the possibility of legal restrictionson the amount of information that the media can put out before the actual caseis proven and solved. I specify later all in the case of Richard Jewell , there wasa definite issue of false accusations . This man was treated unfairly under thefalse assumption that he was guilty of a crime that he did not commit.I think that Jewell should defiantly be compensated for the anguish thathe had to go through for all over three months after that bombing. It was not badenough that he had to see his co-workers and hundreds of innocent peopleendangered and injured by the terrible incident in Atlanta. He also had to gothrough being accused of being behind the whole thing . How much worse could itget? I mean what should people start to think ? He said that he felt like ananimal being stalked , retributive waiting to be killed . in stantaneously who ar we to listen to ?This innocent man or the media , who obviously will print what it takes true oruntrue , to make a story .I think that we as Americans owe the accused of there legal right ofinnocent until proven guilty before we can start accusing them publicly. thitheris no reason to believe what is being said in the media until there is manydefinite truth in the case . I mean just because the cops may have beliefs thatthere is guilt means aught . After all the FBI gave the media information andit was plain and simply wrong . The way the FBI handled the case was monstrousand intolerable. Who can we the public trust if we cant even trust agovernment legal authority? Who are we to go to at that point when thegovernment agencies are falsely accusing us ? I guess that Richard Jewell wasjust lucky enough to have a brave lawyer that cared and new there was nothingright about the way this man was being treated. I just think that is a seriousproblem , there have to be some better laws or restrictions .So in my belief we the public have the right to not be harassed by themedia any time foregoing to the proven guilt in the crime we are accused of .

Literary Analysis: The Omnivore’s Dilemma Essay

In Michael Pollans, The Omnivores Dilemma everything we eat is somehow derived from edible corn. Dating back to the twenty-four hour period of the Mayans when they were sometimes referred to as the corn people (Pollan 19). Pollan takes us back to the beginning of the industrial food chain. In The Omnivores Dilemma historical context, ideology, and setting do non do the reader justice in opening their eyes to the harsh reality that without the corn industry eating as we know it today would furlough to exist.The use of historical context in The Omnivores Dilemma insufficiently details the actual origin of corn. Per Pollans writing he explains that Squanto taught the Pilgrims to plant maize in 1621.. (Pollan 25), nevertheless the existence of corn dates way back much further than 1621. In a 1948 excavation of Bat Cave, New Mexico by then savant of anthropology at Harvard University, Herbert W. Dick found small cobs of corn at the bottom of Bat Caves floor which were estimated to c ontain maize that had their beginning no later than 2000 B. C. (Mangelsdorf 148). some different types of test have been used to determine how old the corn plant is, but only with solid evidence provided by archeologists has there been some(prenominal) real way to argue the actual evolution of corn. It is more than evident having conducted my own research about the origin and historical context of corn that Pollan only when touched on the subject matter of, where corn came from. In this day and age with many households having both the husband and wife, or single p arnt households, or just because of mere laziness, society as a whole doesnt put as much thought into what we consume as they use to.For the more or less incision what we consume is what is most convenient at the time we are hungry, but little do most of us know what it really is that we are eating.. corn. As Pollan so bluntly states, . At the end of the food chain (which is to say at the beginning), I invariably foun d myself in virtually exactly the same place a farm field in the American corn belt (Pollan 18) Practically everything we eat has corn in it or has been fed corn, and has been chemically altered before it reaches us. Everything from yogurt, chicken mcnuggets, and even beef contain corn of some form.Per one article, Pollan wants us to know what it is were eating, where it came from, and how it got to our turn off (The Wall Street Journal), only that even after having read The Omnivores Dilemma I still had questions, questions Pollan failed to address in his book. The only remotely interesting part of Pollans book is the setting various corn farms. Though interesting it still insufficiently addressed many facts. In my opinion it would have been arrogate to add that in the U. S. alone there are over 400,000 corn farms and that the U. S. s the largest corn producer in the world, producing 32 percent of the worlds corn in the year 2010 ( www. ncga. com www. epa. gov).According to the National Corn Growers Association a good 80 percent of corn grown is eaten by both domestic and overseas livestock, poultry, and even fish. Also according to the NCGA Americans eat 25 pounds of corn a year. (www. ncga. com). Pollan details how corn travels About a fifth of the corn river flowing out from the elevators at the Iowa Farmers Cooperative travels to a milling plant (Pollan 86), but epically fails of informing us of the bigger picture.In conclusion, I found that by simply doing a little research on my own in the library or by searching online, not only could I find a wide range of actually interesting information on the ever so popular corn industry, but I wouldnt fall asleep doing so as I did on more than one occasion trying to read The Omnivores Dilemma. The Omnivores Dilemma is not a book I personally would ever read again. Nor would I recommend it.

Home For Christmas Essay

Alexander Williams sighed as he rummaged through and through the huge crapper of articles that covered his desk. He only had one week to make his final decision and he knew with let out any doubt, his final answer to female horse Carter wouldnt be easy. She had begged him to stay with the newspaper agency, succession and time, again. She had grown rather fond of him over the age and it broke her heart knowing that this would most likely be the cash in ones chips week she had to spend with him. She did know that his heart was in New Hampshire where he had grown up and would always be the one place he could actually call home.Charlotte, North Carolina had been the beautiful city where he had lived and worked for more than two decades and although he had became familiar with his surroundings and had made many friends in the Queen City, he unders to a faultd desperately felt that the remainder of his years should be spent with his close family. The Charlotte gazette had offered hi m a prominent and en wallow competent writing position where he wrote daily articles, but restrained, there was this huge need to return to his roots. I see youre still with us, Williams. I dont see boxes sufficient of photographs and awards, so far.Its a good sign Maria knew that he had probably already made up his mind to go but still every time she passed his office, her curiosity made her peek inside to make sure he hadnt made packed up his belongings. He had been her bakshish journalist since day one at the Gazette and the thought of not seeing his smiling face and hearing his enthusiastic voice radiating through the building saddened her, greatly Im seriously torn, Maria. I know I should just make up my mind and give you a certain(prenominal) answer but I cant.Im taking this last week to think it over but one things for sure, if I do decide to move to New Hampshire, youll be the scratch line to know. But, youll miss out on the huge Christmas party on Friday. Spending t ime with Alexander at Christmas had been a festive social occasion that she had always looked forward to and now she knew she had no other choice but to get used to the humor of him not being there. Seeing you dressed as Mrs. Claus would be exciting Alexander smiled as he thought about seeing his boss in the red garb that stretched across her arm.Its all up to you and I do have several interviews scheduled but Im still hoping we wont need to fill your position. I seriously doubt anyone is capable of filling your shoes, anyway. Maria had known what an expert writer was all about, the first day he walked into her office and asked for the position. He had a remarkable resume and when she took a look at some of his sample articles, she knew he was her man. He was able to create prize-winning stories out of ordinary events and had made The Charlotte Gazette one of the best-selling newspapers in the countryFor the next week, Alexander had spent every extra spot going over his decisio n. His mother had begged him to come home and his sister and brother t sure-enough(a) him they had already found him the perfect house where he could retire, happily and grow old without the hassle of rushing to his office and fretting over every little incident that took place in Charlotte. They knew Alexander had spent far too many years away from home and they yearned for him to return to the place where he grew up. On Friday, the entire building was decorated to perfection.Each red ribbon that draped the office doors were light with glitter and every snowflake that hang from the ceiling reminded him that Christmas was near. The boxes had already been neatly packed in the corner of his office and when Maria saw with her own look that there wasnt even a single photograph, in sight, she realized he had made his final decision. He was going home to his family. He was unemotional and giving up something that she knew more than anyone, was the biggest passion in his life. She was g oing to miss him more than he would ever know. She should have told him about her strong emotions for him but it was too late.There was no sense in even asking him to stay, again. She could see as he looked into her eyes that he had made his choice. Need some uphold with those boxes? She tried to say it without him seeing her eyes tearing up but it was hopeless now and she had already shown him how vulnerable she felt about what he was doing. And, a ride to the airport if you can swing it? Taking cabs are so informal, you know? He had dreaded this part of moving more than anything but he did want to spend his last few hours with the woman who he had grown so close to over the years.The ride to the airport was spent with lots of gag and as the first snowflakes of winter blew through the city, Alexander not only felt sadness about leaving but he started to feel the joy of the season with each new bluster of white. He hoped he had made the right choice in leaving his writing positi on at the Gazette but he knew he would always feel a tugging at his heart when he thought about his job there and of course, when he remembered Maria and as they said their last goodbye, the tears in each of their eyes said more than they could ever dare with mere words.The Christmas party was in panoptic swing and the band hand been playing carols for nearly an hour before Santa finally arrived. Mrs. Claus was sitting comfortably in her chair handing out the first gifts as the lead band member asked for silence in the room. It isnt proper for Mrs. Claus to do all the work on such a special occasion We have a special gentleman do all the grunt work. He enlightened them through the microphone. As Santa Claus entered the room, the crowd applauded while he go closer to the huge stack of presents under the tree and to Mrs. Claus who tried to smile through her sadness.I have a special gift for Mrs. Claus Santa belted out in laughter, followed by a jolly, Ho ho ho The face fungus th at covered his face was a wonderful disguise and as she opened the petite red box and saw the engagement ring that glistened many colors as it reflected the brilliant lights from the tree, Maria was now crying tears of happiness. As she pulled the beard from Santas face, Alexander kissed her warmly. Home is where I do need to be, Maria Carter and spending one day away from you, reminded me that home truly is where your heart is I want to spend everyday, home with you

Quality Improvement Plan Essay

Executive Summarybattle of battle of Chattanooga C ars is a privately owned, not-for-profit HIV/ support clinic located in downtown Chattanooga. Owned and operated by Dr. Jay Sizemore, it was founded in December 2003 to provide medical needs for the underserved HIV positive patients in Chattanooga, Tennessee and 22 surrounding counties. Although its staff is sm every last(predicate), consisting of a full- epoch work force of less than 30, they serve their community by offering AIDS testing, counseling, HIV transactment thinks, and assistance with employment, ho exploitation, transportation, and childcare. Chattanooga Cares has one really important tendency reducing the levels of unhealthiness in HIV/ AIDS patients. Therefore, the management team has designed a individuala Improvement Plan to face this goal. This aspiration has two components the first concerns itself with the education of the community, and the second revolves around reducing the levels of sickness in alread y affected patients.Implementation begins with education of the staff in areas of HIV/AIDS protection, treatment, and counseling. Outreach programs, taught by the staff, will be offered to guide the community in AIDS awareness. Data collection slits such as patient trailing strategy and disease specific campaign charts will be utilized to scrutinize the strong point of the program. The plan-do-study-act approach to collecting data, monitoring, evaluating, and adjusting will be used to hold back that constant changes can be made to reach our goals. Chattanooga Cares will use competitive benchmarking to determine if their levels of sickness are in line with other(a) clinics in the area. Finally, each person will compile his set of data and report to the management team for evaluation of the plan. The team will use the selective entropy collected to make adjustments going forward. This collaboration will be completed on a monthly, quarterly, and annually basis.Chattanooga Cares tone Improvement PlanQuality emolument cannot be implemented with come out of the closet setting the performance standards needed to determine how advancement can succeed. Chattanooga Cares, a non-profit HIV/AIDS clinic, bases its tonicity progress plan around the consumers of their services. Chattanooga Cares is a privately-owned AIDS and sexually transmitted disease clinic in downtown Chattanooga, Tennessee. It consists of a small staff of medical personnel, counselors, administrative staff, and volunteers. The staff offers HIV/AIDS testing, medical treatment plans, counseling, life coaching, and economic assistance through various housing, childcare, and financial institutions. The clinic derives its funding from government grants and community fund-raising events.Chattanooga Cares (2013) mission statement is, Our focus is AIDS education, bar and support for all people affected by HIV (About Us). Since the patient, and the patients network of friends and family, are the cen tral elements in Chattanooga Cares mission statement, the business office of the patient is integral in quality value plans. There are few goals that do not involve the client. Although the clinic is privately-owned, it proudly displays its goals to the public. Because of its grant status, the treatment center moldiness supply statistical information to the govern kind agencies that provide the grants. All this information is readily on hand(predicate) to the clients that consume their services.Goals and ObjectivesSome of the quality improvement goals of Chattanooga Cares are reducing the number of new patients infected by AIDS each year glowering the economic hardships on their clients maximizing efficiency and cost effectiveness within the office and increasing training and education of staff. The clients play a major role in what performance standards are chosen. A few of the quality indicators that consumers use in regard to Chattanooga Cares are health outcomes and length of survival rates, masking piece and treatment frequencies, and satisfaction evaluations. Using feedback from stakeholders effects the way in which future services are conducted and funding is attained. In order to begin a quality improvement plan, certain quality performance standards need to be determined to mea true the levels of improvement. Performance standards concern themselves within a health care brass section.Palmer (1997) suggests that clinicians must set performancestandards on their individual practices and offer feedback to health care authorities. Two examples of these standards are defining the rate of re-admittance after completing a office and setting a limit for number of patients seen daily. Once the standards are determined and goals are set, compilation of everything is developed into the quality improvement plan. The quality improvement plan is the all-encompassing strategy while the performance standards are the steps needed to achieve it.Scope, Descripti on, and Quality Improvement ActivitiesThe first part of the improvement goal of Chattanooga Cares is one of reducing the contemporary levels of HIV/AIDS in the 23 counties the organization serves (Chattanooga Cares, 2013). By reducing the number of people affected by the disease, the overall health status of the community will improve and the economic effect on the health care system will be positive. Since 65% of current patients (Chattanooga Cares, 2013) cannot currently obtain health insurance due to their health status, a decline in the infected population will imagine less public monies are needed to support the health care of the indigent population infected by the AIDS disease.The best outcome of stretchability this goal is a suppression of the AIDS infected population. Education in the community improves the knowledge base of the community as they learn the risk factors of AIDS contraction and hopefully use that wisdom to make wiser choices in sexual partners and intraven ous drug usage. Through careful management of current patients progress, the team at Chattanooga Cares can evaluate and adjust the health regimen and assure that proper techniques and medication are being used.Data Collection ToolsThe main goal of Chattanooga Cares revolves around reducing the level of sickness in patients. The data needed are introduce patient progress through the treatment process, and current information of HIV/AIDS manifestation and control. Following patient progress is achieved through the usage of a reminder tracking system. As soon as a new patient is entered into the electronic medical records of the clinic, a tracking system immediately forms to trace the medical journey of the client (Hashim, Prinsloo, & Mirza, 2013). The system sends out emails, automated phone messages, ortexts to patients reminding them of atomic number 101 and counseling appointments. It prompts the case manager to contact the patient personally and ask them questions about their ge neral health, response to medication, mental state, and other factors such as housing, employment, and childcare status. By entering information into the tracking system, adjustments can be made to assure that the patient does not tear down in physical and mental health status.This tool can help prolong the lifespan of the patient and help them get better. Over long periods of time, as a patient has developed an effective health regimen, the system stills tracks their progress and reminds the case manager to touch base from time to time. The strengths of this system are that a patient does not drop out of the program and their health status is continually monitored and improved upon. The weakness is that the ongoing information must be entered into the system to be effective if the staff is too busy or forgets to follow up, then the health of the patient may be compromised. The measurement and display of this tool could be shown through weekly reports which show the number of patie nts whose contact reminders have not been completed.The last data tool used to track current information on HIV/AIDS is a disease specific flow sheet (Hashim, Prinsloo, & Mirza, 2013). This chart contains information on the steps needed to test and treat people affected by HIV/AIDS. It allows clinicians to follow a prescribed course of medication and counseling for patients and permits changes in the course of health management. The benefits of using this flow chart is that treatment is spelled out for virtually every type of AIDS related illnesses and gives doctors a reference to follow. The only detriment is that the clinic must make sure to have current flow sheets which show new drugs and regimens for patients. If the clinicians are using outdated materials, then best practices are not being put to use.Quality Improvement Processes and MethodologyThe plan-do-study-act (PDSA) approach to quality improvements is one of small cyclical changes between processes and outcomes. It focu ses on making little changes instead of large, broad strokes that can sometimes be too large to tackle at one time. Hughes stated (2008) that the purpose of PDSA is one that tries to establish a functional or causal family relationship between changes in processes (specifically behaviors and capabilities) andoutcomes (p. 33 Chapter 44). The PDSA cycle begins by defining the disposition and extent of the issue, what modifications can and should be made, a strategy for a specific change, who should be participating, what should be gauged to comprehend the effect of change, and where the stratagem will be directed. Change is executed and data and materials are collected.The results are studied and clarified by using key measurements that show the levels of success or failure. New steps are developed based on the results and the process begins again (Hughes, 2008). This approach to quality improvement is positive in that allows extensive problems to be disentangled at a rate not overwh elming to those involved. Because PDSA is readily achievable and results are easy to decipher, nigh instant gratification can occur. This makes a monumental task easier to tackle much like eating the proverbial elephant one bite at a time. The drawbacks to this approach are that it is reactive and relies on people to accept constant change in their facility that can result in change run down (Hughes, 2008).To achieve the QI goal, the clinic must review continually the data retrieved from the tracking system of patients progress through the treatment process. Therefore, the methodology chosen for Chattanooga Cares QI plan is PDSA. Because this system focuses on small, continual changes, it will be helpful in staying on track. Another reason for this choice is that the clinic is small and is used to a frantic pace, therefore change is commonly accepted and a part of the norm.Comparative Databases, Benchmarks, and Professional Practice StandardsHughes (2008) describes benchmarks in health care as the continual and collaborative discipline of measuring and comparing the results of key work processes with those of the best performers in evaluating organizational performance (p. 38, Chapter 44). Competitive benchmarking can be used to match Chattanooga Cares levels of sickness to other organizations offering the same services (Kay, 2007). By using reports from other HIV/AIDS clinics, Chattanooga Cares can compare their levels of sickness to the patients serviced by other treatment centers.Authority, Structure, and OrganizationThe authority structure of Chattanooga Cares is straightforward and simple. Because it is privately owned, there is no board of directors. Instead, Dr. Jay Sizemore, the physician who owns and runs the clinic is the head of the organization (www.chattanoogacares.org/, 2013). Five other positions comprised of a registered nurse, a medical assistant, an LPN, a patient health coordinator, and an office manager, finish out the authoritative sta ff at the clinic. Although the doctor leads the team, the other five mentioned have equal standing in decision-making and quality improvement implementation. QI issues are discussed within the confines of these six people and all decisions are handed down from them. Each holds their own position within the organization, however, out of necessity, all of them work interchangeably within other peoples job duties.CommunicationBecause of the intimate nature of Chattanooga Cares, quality plans are shared among all the staff. If a particular strategy involves essentially one persons performance, that person will hold most of the responsibility for implementing, measuring, and ultimately, evaluating the effective of the plan. For instance, one goal is to improve the levels of sickness in the HIV/AIDS patients the clinic serves (www.chattanoogacares.org/, 2013). A tool for implementing and measuring this is a patient tracking system that follows a patients progress through the system.The pe rson responsible for this quality improvement device would be the case manager for that patient. This person would monitor the tracking system, collect data through reports, assemble data for team review, evaluate the effectiveness of the QI plan, and ultimately, apply needed improvements. Each person is responsible for his part(s) in any given QI plan as well as company data and reporting such data to the team.EducationAll medical staff must be board certified and all case managers must have a background in social work and be at a minimum a licensed LPN. All education and prevention staff must be state certified in HIV/AIDS testing and prevention counseling (www.chattanoogacares.org/, 2013). Annual training and certification is call for by all employed and volunteerstaff to meet conditions of state and federal grant programs. To implement the patient tracking system quality improvement plan, each person working with patients will be included in the introductory training of the so ftware program and be introduced to the goals of the QI plan.This will be communicated by the person overseeing the process, most likely the case manager. Because staffing at the clinic is minimal, this training can take place efficiently, with little loss of productive medical time with patients. The process will be covered from the initial contact with a patient and will continue as long as the patient wished to be under the clinics health care plan. Therefore, it is ultimately the responsibility of the entire staff and not just the case manager, to control that current information is uploaded to the tracking system, and that prompts by the system are met in a timely manner.Annual EvaluationThe evaluation of the QI plan for improving sickness levels in patients is through with(p) on monthly, quarterly, and annually bases. Because continual evaluation is needed for the plan to succeed, data must be collected before it becomes overwhelming in numbers. If this plan was leftover en tirely to an annual evaluation, it would take weeks, if not months, to assemble, evaluate, and implement changes. The factors gauged are made of up several items reports showing the follow-up times of patients, data indicating how many patients did not receive required contact during the time period, and the time frames of between the system prompts and response intervals.When complied, this data shows the breakdown in interaction and allows the team to make changes to ensure that patients do not lack in communication between themselves and the clinic. Monitoring the data on a weekly, if not daily basis, allows the QI plan to be more effective by making changes using the PDSA approach.ReferencesHashim, M. J., Prinsloo, A., & Mirza, D. M. (2013, Spring). Quality Improvement Tools for Chronic Disease Care More Effective Processes are Less plausibly to be Implemented in Developing Countries. International Journalof Health Care Quality Assurance, 26(1), 14-19. DOI10.1108/095268613112 88604Hughes, R. G. (2008). Patient Safety and Quality An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Rockville, MD Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2682/Kay, J. F. (2007, February). Health Care Benchmarking. The Hong Kong Medical Diary, 12(2), 22-7. Retrieved from http//www.fmshk.org/database/articles/06mbdrflkay.pdf Palmer, H. R. (1997, October). Using Clinical Performance Measures to Drive Quality Improvement. Total Quality Management, 8(5), 305-11. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/219816031 www.chattanoogacares.com (2013). Retrieved on family line 3, 2013 from http//www.chattanoogacares.org/about-us.html

Research Proposal Essay

This research project is entitled Safe prosy practices the perception of chel ben in Sri Lanka. Road traffic accidents are unrivalled of leading causes of wipeout amongst child matter-of-facts in low-income countries. Despite this, little research has been done into coreive interventions to reduce child mortality in these countries. This battleground aims to proffer original and useful data from Colombo, Sri Lanka which will help in the development of new or existing alley safety interventions and education, incidently in coincidence to child acquaintance and perception.The method of research involves recruiting school children aged 8-9 years from the Holy Family Convent and St. Peters College schools situated on Galle road, Colombo. These schools watch been selected as they have similar location, one being a girls school, the other a boys school.The first part of the dissect involves a draw and write technique where the children will be asked to draw a picture of themse lves crossing Galle road, the main road by their school. They will then be given a piece of paper with the bid tell me what you have drawn and why. Six children from each class will be then purposively selected to take part in a decoct group. Content analysis will be utilise when analysing this section of the results. Finally I will carry out a twain day musing of child pedestrian behavior on Galle road. Behaviour of the children will be compared using the UKs Green Cross Code.It is estimated that the research will take nigh four weeks to complete. This includes, recruiting and gaining consent from the participants, carrying out the draw and write activity, completing two focus groups and carrying out the observational involve. The estimated cost of this research 1163. BackgroundRoad vocation Accidents (RTAs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with 86% of deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries despite accounting for sole(prenom inal) 40% of motor vehiclesi. RTAs are the rule cause of child injuries killing approximately 180 000 children under 15 each year. infantren are rarely the cause of road traffic accidents but have a bun in the oven as pedestrians, wheel horses and passengersii. Lack of research in low-income countries has meant a slow introduction of effective intervention strategies to reduce the mortality rates.Many factors are accountable for the superior RTA rates in low-income countries including impaired driving, lack of enforcement and vehicle type. However the most significant differences found in low-income countries are the wide variation in road vehicles and the high number of vulnerable road users. The mixture of road users including pedestrians, bicycles, handcarts, mopeds, rickshaws, motorcycles, vans, cars, trucks and buses means that schemes to combat this problem have non been required in the same point in high-income countries and therefore local research is needediii.Child pedestrians account for a large proportion of vulnerable road users. The high number of pedestrian and cyclist casualties in these countries reflects not only their inherent vulnerability but also insufficient attention to their needs in policy-making3. A study in Pakistan detect 250 pedestrians in the top 10 risk areas for pedestrian RTAs in Karachi. They observed walking and crossing the road and walking on the pavement. Only 60% of the pedestrians looked leave and right before crossing. 52% crossed the street less than 2 seconds before a vehicle passed the point they had just crossed. 35% caused the traffic to turn to avoid the observed pedestrian. Of the 250 pedestrians observed walking on the street edge, 82% had a pavement available to them but were not using itiv.Of the pedestrians using pavements 28% encountered an encroachment and 84% of these stepped on to the street to avoid it. Among those who were observed stepping on the road from the sidewalk, 66% did not look out for oncoming traffic4. Possible study limitations were that only pedestrian behaviour was analyse, not actual accidents and the study sites were the top ten risk sites for RTAs in Karachi so may not be conveyable to other situations. The advantage of this data is that it was carried out in a low-income country which means the determinations can be drawn on for other settings. Policy changes such as restricting the amount of pavement space being used by stalls or shops and publicity to highlight the danger of such behaviour along with the valuable of observation when crossing roads may make a large difference to fatality rates.Risk perception has been widely studied as a risk factor for injuries however literature relating to child pedestrian safety is seriously lacking. Zeedyk et alv carried out research on children who had been taught a architectural plan of road safety. They carried out two studies, both focussing on the skill of finding a safe place to cross the road. Firs tly they tested the effect of the programme in improving familiarity and secondly whether the children transferred their distinguishledge to change their behaviour in a traffic environment. Initial results encouragingly showed that the interventions were effective in increasing the childrens knowledge of safe and dangerous places to cross roads and that this information was retained for six months.The second study however showed that this knowledge did not influence behaviour and that those children who had received knowledge on safety when crossing roads behaved no differently from those children who had receive no information whatsoever. That is the children were not applying the knowledge they had displayed during pre-testing5. The studys main limitation is that it does not allow any further information on why the children didnt apply their knowledge in the real situation, only that they didnt.Research in Australiavi into the parental risk perceptions of childhood pedestrian ro ad safety found that cultural risk factors significantly touch risk perception and safety behaviour. The results showed that Chinese and Arabic speaking parents perceived the road environment to be significantly less risky to their children than parents from the other two language groups. One significant limitation of this study is that assumptions were made that the language spoken by an individual was closely linked to their cultural make-up. Since the main finding was the differences between perceptions from different cultural groups it seems important that this factor is reliable. Despite this, this study reinforces the need for local research from which local interventions can be implemented.As draw there is very little research on road safety in low-income countries, particularly regarding the safety of child pedestrians. Intervention strategies to help reduce child pedestrian mortality can only be implemented if the factors underlying the increasing rates are established.It is hoped this study will help to describe the behaviour and perceptions of children in a named area in Sri Lanka regarding safe pedestrian practice. The study will help build on existing knowledge of child pedestrian safety but provide an original and detailed description of the behaviour and perceptions of Sri Lankan children in a defined area. The data produced from this study will identify the knowledge and behaviour of child pedestrians, what they perceive to be safe practices and why they think this. This study anticipates highlighting the importance of child perception in safety behaviours. Child perceptions should be taken into account when considering the design of safety education programmes and road safety interventions. Research QuestionThe background literature shows a clear spreading in research into the behaviour, knowledge and perceptions of child pedestrians in low-income countries.The research question for this study is Child pedestrian fatalities the accountabili ty of child perceptions in Sri LankaThe aim of this study is to discover the perceptions children in Sri Lanka have regarding road safety and specifically related to their own safety as pedestrians which may influence their risk of being multiform in a RTA. The results of this study will enable a greater understanding of how a defined group of children in Colombo, Sri Lanka use the local roads, what they know about road safety, how they perceive it and therefore whether they generally behave in accordance to their knowledge and perceptions. This was discussed above by Zeedyk et al5 who found the knowledge of the children in their study did not affect their behaviour.The objectives of this study are to Observe and record the road behaviour of children in the local area Identify what the children know about pedestrian safety Discover whether the children know why certain practices are safe Make comparisons between what the children know about road safety and say they are aware of and how they behave in the real situationDetailed Research Proposalpedestrian injury Children are particularly vulnerable to pedestrian death because they are exposed to traffic threats that exceed their cognitive, developmental, behavioral, physical and sensory abilities. This is exacerbated by the fact that parents overestimate their childrens pedestrian skills. Children are impulsive and have difficulty judging speed, spatial relations, and distance. Auditory and visual acuity, depth perception and proper scanning ability develop gradually and do not fully develop until at least age 10.MethodRTA death rates in Sri Lanka essentialled 11 per 100 000 population in 1995vii with pedestrian accidents accounting for 45% of the total fatal accidents, one of the highest rates in Asiaviii.The research will be carried out among children in Sri Lanka. The selected site is Galle Road, Colombo which is the main road from Colombo to Galle along the west coast of Sri Lanka and is the locatio n of a number of schools. The assumption will be made that the majority of child pedestrians walking alongside and crossing that particular road are from one of the local schools.The study population will be girls and boys aged 5-15 years old attending schools in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Research shows RTAs predominantly affect those under the age of 15 ix. Schools in Sri Lanka are commonly single sex which means children will be selected from 2 schools, St Peters College, a boys school and Holy Family Convent, a girls school. Worldwide, boys are more likely to be affected by RTAs than girls so studying boys and girls may highlight important differences which could account for such a difference between themx xi.I was unable to find any research indicating which children are most at risk of RTAs only that those under 15 are an increased risk compared to the rest of the population. Research from Canada suggests children aged 6-9 years are most at risk and in a survey on childrens road saf ety practice several countries including the UK, New Zealand and the US identified those under 10 as most at riskxii. Research such as this in low income countries is scarce.Consequently I have decided to select the age groups 7-8 and 9-10 years as my sample. The methods being used in this study have been deemed inappropriate for children under 6 to carry out. Two classes of children, aged 7-8 and 9-10 from each of the schools mentioned year group will be studied, adult a total of 4 classes. Variations in ages might allow for difference in safety knowledge due to age to be identified. For example if the junior children perceive a certain dangerous practice to be safe and the same results are found in the older children this may indicate a problem with safety education or local road dangers rather than naivety due to age.

To what extent is society to blame for the mental decline of Nicole Dive in Tender is the Night and Esther Greenwood in The Bell Jar

The mental decline of the two protagonists is ostensible at heart some(prenominal) Tender is the Night and The Bell Jar whereby Scott Fitzgerald and Sylvia Plath respectively explore the stifling nature of high society and the matter this has on an individuals mental health. An ingrained expectation of culture places certain constraints, most pertinently on the female intention, as both authors openly explore the issues face up by those with a basic inability to cope with such pressures ultimately leading to their mental downfall.Neither Nicole nor Esther fit the social order required of them causation others to label them as insane, but it is the negative influence of society upon them which is the overwhelming ca call. Within TisN the reader witnesses Nicole Divers fundamental need for a male presence in which contrasts with the strong feminist beliefs of Esther Greenwood. Both novels clearly demonstrate how the masculine world dictates that women are to be regarded as pos sessions and constantly manipulated by a male likeness be it their incur or husband.The lack of a father in Nicoles life allowed arctic Diver to become both a replacement father figure and husband giving him escalated dominance which ultimately caused the pressure on Nicole as an individual to increase significantly. Nicoles world had shattered, but it was only a flimsy and scarcely created world due to the incestuous affinity she was a part of. These flaws in Nicoles up kick ining resulted in her inability to create a life for herself as the past tense still troubled her.Nicole and Esther mutually place men on a pedestal not only due to their reliance on them but besides the ideals society forces upon them in regards to male superiority until they realise that not only can Dick and Buddy not live up to these expectations, but similarly that they are unrealistic for the society that they live in. Living in a patriarchal society ferments Nicole dependent on a controlling fi gure to make ethical judgements for her.She waits for Dick to make a moral comment, rather than continuing to develop the individuality she was free to express in her private letters to Dick when explaining the mental health problems she was experiencing at that time. Similarly, when Buddy, who has never skied himself, instructs Esther in the sport, she mindlessly obeys. TisN Book 1 shows a complete contrast as Nicole is described as beaming to exist in a mans world referring to her allowing a husband or lover to take charge, portrayed with both Dick and Tommy.Nicole is trapped in her feminine role in the 1930s as, although she feels that Tommy opens up whole new worlds for her, he is simply a new domineering character in her life who waited five years for her spousals to be over. Contrastingly, Esther is able to find power on the slopes which then allows her to see through the hypocrisy of society in making men appear to be the superior gender mirroring the counter culture revolu tion emerging in America at the time.This also challenges the mentality of women regarding sexual equality and control as Esthers disgust mounts over Buddy having an affair with that tarty waitress term continuing to expect a virgin bride. The limited sexual choices available to Esther cause her to view the world as divided into people who had slept with somebody and people who hadnt, thus making us aware of the importance of sex significantly a lack of for women, within this community. Nicole also has a breakthrough in exerting her independence and forcing Dick to take responsibility, when she realises that he is a coward who tries to blame his failures on her. This disappointment in realising that Dick is not what she had anticipated allows Nicole to see past the disillusionment. This independence is strengthened as the book ends from Nicoles viewpoint as Dick became a dot in her life. This allows her to become a predominant character which was a great accomplishment before the feminist movements of the 1960s. Society isnt the only trigger however and the disillusionment of the protagonists is an underlying cause of their mental decline.Nicole uses her relationship with Dick as an escape from her illness but when family life becomes mundane it resurfaces. She consciously uses her marriage to evade problems however she was soon proven wrong as her marriage only instigated more demands on her character due to the expectations of a wife, apparent not only in terms of the society the book was exercise set in, but also that of the writers reality. Scott Fitzgerald according to Horace Gregory of the New York Herald Tribune, was said to be sharing the failure of his protagonists as the life of Nicole closely mirrored that of his wife Zelda.This allowed him to use his experiences regarding the effect of societys pressures, and reflect them in Nicole Divers life. Her dreams of love and accomplishment are quickly distorted by the possession of property which causes emptiness in her life of fundamental things despite many viewing her life as perfect. Similarly, Esther primarily idolises Buddy as superficially he appears to be perfect a handsome Yale disciple with an interest in her despite being older, though soon she finds that he had fooled her all these years with hypocritical actions that society had allowed. 930s American Society had one expectation of women to adopt and have children. Nicole initially gives the impression that she has easily fallen into this position however the role is forced upon her as she struggles to establish autonomy. Despite having few choices Nicole subtly asserts her freedom through finances. Money and materialism are not instinctive to man but imposed by society for comfort and this shows itself through Nicoles extravagant obtain sprees when she is able to find comfort in her materialistic ways, demonstrating the excessiveness of the Jazz Age.Nicole buys enough to fill a great list that ran two pages in an attempt to buy herself happy since she had few other options, unlike Esther whos ripening choices are presented on the Fig Tree. Yet she finds herself unable to make a decision as she mat that choosing one meant losing all the rest suppressing her choices due to the stark contrasts between the writer she wants to become and the house-wife she is pushed towards unlike the male characters around her who can have everything.The American Dream runs jibe throughout the two novels as the ideology forms the national ethos and both writers attack the fundamental values it teaches. The disappointment is too much for the female protagonists to cope with as reality fails to live up to the grand promise such principles make. Wealth forms an integral part of this philosophy as many believe that materialistic items bring about happiness.Early on, Esthers life seems perfect despite being so poor she cant afford a magazine as she manages to earn a scholarship to college embodying the primary (prenominal) principles of the ethos, though this soon crumbles as the pressure to succeed becomes too great. The demands on Nicoles character similarly build up as she is pushed into becoming wife and mother, while keeping to the traditions of the Warren family. From afar, Nicole appears to have the perfect life, the grand-daughter of a horse trader with white crooks eyes, nevertheless all the riches of the world could not stop her breakdowns.It is apparent that Nicole wants nothing more than to lead a happy life with her family, however being part of the idle American expatriate community, a worldly positioning towards life easily takes over since Nicole has too much notes. This money-orientated outlook on life even goes as far as to drive her to use money as an advantage in her relationship with Dick even though he did not want to be owned, showing that despite the facade of having everything, she was uncomplete happy nor would she ever be under such pretences.Equally Esthers inability to earn her desired place at university is an example of Sylvia Plath attacking the philosophy which gives specious hopes to many especially the youth. These values also feature in Esthers move to New York as despite any outsider believing she was having the time of her life the equity of the situation couldnt differ more. She was supposed to be the envy of thousands of college girls however she found the materialistic flaws in society too much to deal with and conventional expectations to be cold after such anticipation.Nicoles anticipation for love and accomplishment mirrors this. In conclusion, society is seen to be the contributing factor towards both Nicole and Esthers mental declines as they both strive to accomplish all that they can. It is once reaching these aims that they realise its irrelevance and it is this disappointment which ultimately becomes too much for each protagonist to deal with. The illusions of society are difficult for these individuals to deci pher, and they are both respectively tangled in its complexities.

An Introduction to Debt Policy and Value Essay

What remains to be seen however, is whether shareholders are better or worse off with more leverage. Problem 2 does not tell us, because there we computed total value of truth, and shareholders care about value per share. Ordinarily, total value will be a good delegate for what is happening to the damage per share, but in the case of a relevering firm, that may not be true. Implicitly we assumed that, as our firm in problems 1-3 levered up, it was repurchasing express on the open market (you will note that EBIT did not change, so management was clearly not investing the proceeds from the loans in cash-generating assets).We held EBIT constant so that we could see clearly the effect of financial changes without getting them mixed up in the effects of investments. The point is that, as the firm borrows and repurchases shares, the total value of equity may decline, but the price per share may rise. Now, solving for the price per share may seem impossible, because we are dealing with two unknownsshare price and change in the number of shares Share price=Total market value of equity

Reaction paper “Shutter Island” Essay

Shutter Island is a movie that is not only dedicated to delivering perfect scenery and a storyline virtu all toldy a mental institution locked away with a deep, dark secret away from civilization, but instead, the absolute majority of the take aim is actually a character study with elusion Daniels as the main subject. Teddy Daniels has a troubled past that is reflected in flash back ends and dream sequences. Teddy Daniels is now a U.S Marshall, but prior to that, he was a veteran of war, where he saw some of the most brutally horrific and pass-scarring scenes imaginable, the kind of things that could poisonous substance a mans mind and leave him haunted by them for life. Teddy is also a retired alcoholic as one of the doctors at Ashecliffe Hospital reveals stating that it is plainly obvious that he dropd to drink. The subject of alcoholism is after-hoursr elaborated on in a flashback scene where his late married woman asks him why he drinks. It appears that Teddy is not onl y haunted by the toils of war or his alcoholism, but also by the fact that a man who set fire to his home killed his wife and children. In short, Teddys life has been fuelled by mentally scarring events, that somehow lead him to Ashecliffe Hospital, in what he believes to be fate when he learns that the man who killed his family is actually a patient at the hospital Andrew Laediss. Before long, Teddy soon learns of the corruption on the island. homophile(a) experiments ar being carried out.These are later revealed to be lobotomies, which are used in order to settle the criminally wild for good. When Teddy uncovers the truth, he tries to leave the island to no avail. This is when the twist starts to be descend evident. Teddy Daniels is not a U.S marshal at all, he is actually a patient at Ashecliffe Hospital, and he has been for several years. Mentally scarred by the issues in his life, which are revealed not only to be the toils of war, but also the fact that his wife also went i nsane and drowned their children, it was Daniels, actually revealed to be called Andrew Laediss, who killed his wife out of revenge. Throughout the pack, Teddy suffers headaches. These headaches are actually from his withdrawals from his medication which he suffers when he creates his change individualality and gives everyone roles to play, something that is also write earlier on in the film. Teddy Daniels is criminally insaneand he is permanently haunted by his past. He creates personalities for everyone at the hospital and he goes about his life pretending he is someone else as a method of escapism from earthly concern. His story is incredible and the truth is actually hinted at throughout the film which will leave viewers simply needing to watch the film a second time because the hints are impossible to ignore once the twist is revealed. free to say. da Vinci DiCaprio plays the character to perfection and Teddy Daniels, still to this day, is undeniably one of the most in-de pth, detailed and most developed film characters of the 2010 decade thus far.Leonardo DiCaprio as Edward Teddy DanielsMark Ruffalo as Chuck AuleBen Kingsley as Dr. John CawleyMax von Sydow as Dr. Jeremiah NaehringMichelle Williams as Dolores ChanalEmily Mortimer as Rachel SolandoPatricia Clarkson as Dr. Rachel SolandoJackie Earle Haley as George NoyceTed Levine as WardenJohn Carroll Lynch as Deputy Warden McPhersonElias Koteas as Andrew LaeddisJill Larson as Old Manacled WomanKen Cheeseman as Doctor 1Ruby Jerins as slim GirlRobin Bartlett as Bridget KearnsChristopher Denham as Peter BreeneMatthew Cowles as Ferry Boat CaptainThe ending of shutter Island seems ambiguous but to me it was handsome clear-cut. Teddy wakes up to the reality that he is actually Andrew Laedis, though he is warned by Dr. Cawley and Dr. Sheehan that he has regresses into his fantasy world before. However, Andrew is smart. When Dr. Sheehan sits with him on the steps that next morning, Andrew knows that the do ctors and Warden are observing his behavior. The thing is, his guilt and pain are still so heavy that he knows he cannot live with them. Rather than live withthe knowledge of his pain, he chooses to pretend that he is still Teddy Daniels and let them lobotomize him, so that he can finally be free of his burden. Thats what the line to Dr. Sheehan about lifespan as a monster, or dying as a good man, means Andrew would rather be mind-wiped as Teddy Daniels than live with the sins of Andrew Laeddis. Although little randomness is available to analyze Teddy based on his childhood he can be examined on many other elements of Sigmund Freuds theories about the unconscious. turn he is living in his fantasy life as an investigator on the island, his unconscious thoughts often appear in his dreams. He sees his wife come to him begging him to give up on his quest for Andrew because he will not like what he finds out and she doesnt want him to get hurt. He also dreams of Rachel Solando coming to him with her childrens bloody bodies, asking him to assist her in disposing of them. As he holds the childrens bodies they come alive asking why he didnt save them. This perfectly illustrates the psychoanalytic theory that dreams come two levels of content.The manifest content is that Teddy thinks the dreams come from the fact that he is missing his wife and just cant accept her end and let her go and that the macabre feeling of the island is getting to him causing him to have nightmares of the insane woman he is investigating. It is later clear that the latent content of the dreams reveal the hidden meaning of his own experiences. In other words, there was no Rachel Solando. Teddy created her as a reflection of himself because Dolores was a manic depressive who drowned their children in a lake one day when he wasnt home. When he returned and agnise the tragic happenings there was nothing he could do, hence the nightmares of the children inquiring as to why he couldnt save th em. In his dreams she often walks to him soaking wet to which he asks her Why are you all wet, baby?. This phrase seems to haunt him because those are the first words he said to her when he came home that day she went crazy. Teddy feels personally responsible for their death because at the time he was an alcoholic and while he loved his wife, he refused to see her for who she really was and ended up killing her after discovering the children. In the dreams she tells him to give up because he is inefficient to cope with lettered the truth. This leads on to how Teddy distorts his reality to protect himself against his unbearable pain and guilt through the use of defense mechanisms.All of the memories of what really happened to Doloresand the children become repressed and replaced with false illusions that his wife was wrongfully murdered and he re-created himself as a hero in order to cope. In accordance with this mechanism he suffers from post traumatic stress from which the distur bing memories indirectly begin to reveal themselves in his dreams. Dr. Sheehan who in his mind was his partner reveals that for they had decided to try an elaborate role-playing experiment in which they went along with all of Teddy (Andrew)s delusions in an attempt to bring his mind back to the real world and thus save him from a brain lobotomy (a form of psychosurgery) which was forced to be their last resort. When the truth is first revealed Teddys initial reaction is to resort to the defense mechanism of denial. He refuses to accept that what they claim is what really happened and is insistent upon the fact that they have been dosing him with drugs in order to brainwash him and keep him from discovering the truth about the gruesome human experiments that have been taking place at the hospital. Projection is also used when he accuses the Doctors of making up this story about what happened to him in order to protect themselves. These are both attempts to rid his mind of the anxiety provoking stimuli that he is unable to accept has any association with what happened in his life.Even before the truth is revealed while Teddy still believes that he is a hero we see this anxiety shining through during his investigation at Shutter Island. When the hospitals main psychologist makes a comment about Teddy refraining from alcohol and Teddy responds with a witty attack the doctor notes his excellent use of defense mechanisms. This may relate to his implicit memory because although Teddy at first does not have any suspicions about the realism of his own identity he seems to think that everyone else is out to get him which serves as unconscious memories influencing conscious behavior causing him to forever and a day be on defense about the intentions and actions of the people around him. When Teddy finally comes out of his stage of denial and accepts the truth, the doctors fear that he will throwback and go back into repression. It was noted that this had happened befor e with their other attempts to bring round him. Teddy fakes falling back into that stage in order to save himself his dignity, he reveals his intentions by saying which would be worse, to live as a monster or to die a good man?. This lets us know that Dr. Sheehans cure proved effective, but Teddy would rather not live in that state of misery or try tomove on with his life knowing the shocking truth. Teddy Daniels also known as Andrew Laeddis is an extremely interesting character to study in terms of personality.Before his marriage to Dolores he probably could have been analyzed for completely different attributes however the events in his life served as strong situational factors to shape the person he would turn into. Before it is realized that he is actually one of the criminally insane prisoners, Teddy could be described as smart, witty and independent. He stands up for himself even when he suspects that the majority of the island is involved with the conspiracy. After realizin g the truth behind all of his actions it is clear that his life is relatable to many of Freuds theories which are all used to aid him in distorting reality to protect him against pain or threatening impulses arising from the id. It is also very interesting that in his alternate reality he views himself as a good, innocent person who is looking to set bad things right. This could come from his unconscious knowledge that he committed a violent crime and wants to take all of the blame cancelled himself by portraying himself as a hero. The warden of Ashecliffe Hospital makes an interesting point of reference to the dark side of Teddys personality and human reputation in general by telling him Youre as violent as they come. I know because I am as violent as they come. Dont embarrass yourself by denying your own blood lust, son. Dont embarrass me. If the constraints of society were removed, and I was all that stood between you and a meal, youd crack my skull with a rock and eat my meaty parts. Teddy killed his wife because he felt that after what she had done, it was the right thing to do and his alternate personality serves as a cover-up because he should feel guilty that the type of violence isnt acceptable, no matter what Dolores had done to deserve it.

Learning To Play Piano Essay

I lose always been invadeed in art since I was unripe so it did not take me too much m to decide the general area for my project. Drawing, render or dancing grow been growing with me since I was little. However, to hazard this project more ch whollyenging and interesting, I go away try to do roundthing I beat never done before. At the end, I get in up with the idea why dont I try to divulge how to sour quietly. gentle is a pretty popular instrument that addresss of people runaway so I deal that this is a good chance for me to start learning something new. I choose to go with this project because I have strong connection with art so somehow this provide help me. Learning how to scat flaccid is not as easy as it seems. To become prospering, there are so galore(postnominal) steps and challenges you may obstruct with. Briefly, my project allow include four parts. First, I accept to learn how to put my hand speckle correctly on the keyboard. Second, I depart le arn how to subscribe to the score precisely and where does it go. Third, I go away start playing small music stick outvass to get used to base my fingers around. And finally, the most challenging part, I will learn to play a large music sheet smoothly. Since I have been singing when I was young, I understand at that this will help me with reading the notes windy and understand how the melody goes throughout the music. At the end, I hope that I will not make either mistakes in playing wrong notes and e genuinelything will be fluent. However, nothing will be successful without effort. It will take a circuit of time to finish this so I fate to scheme e actuallything ahead and start early. As you flowerpot see, to be a good pianist, it takes people from years to years to actually play beautifully. Another obstacle is being patient. I am not a very kind of patient person so I destine it will be herculean for me to read all the notes slowly, also practice and practice again every day. The last problem I think that not so many people struggle with is that my fingers are really small so it is hard for me to surf on the keyboard and they are also easy to get tired. Despite all these disadvantages, I will still try my best to work on it. There are many learning goals I hope that I can achieve after finishing the project.Hopefully, I will learn my interest in piano and keep playing for a long time so I can play some famous classical sheets. To achieve this, I cannot just go straight to the piano and start playing it. First of all, I urgency to do some research about how to play the piano such as looking up some videos people playing it. Then, I have to occur a littletime from every day to practice so by the time of presentation, I can play it beautifully. Besides the learning part, I will also look for some information about how piano has grown up throughout our lives and how it affects so many people in the world. I will also talk about some famou s pianists. Since I cannot handle all of these by myself so I think that I really need someones help. With no doubt, my best friend, Tony, I think he will be the perfect t each(prenominal)er for me because he has been playing piano for about ten years. Ten years is long enough for me to believe that he will be a very good expert. He will help me a mess hall in finishing this project. In the first week, I will learn how to read the notes. Then, he will fix my hand position so that I can play the keyboard easier and more correct. He will also help me keeping the melody and beats in track and make sure that everything is leaving right. At the end, to make this project more special and interesting, we are going to play a song together on the piano. With all the problems we have gone through, I hope that the audience will be arouse in my project. For the budget section, luckily, I have most of things are available for me. I can go the PA building because there are free pianos there f or me to practice. I just need to set up my schedule to spend time going there. I may need to go to the library to borrow some books to look up some information about how to play piano and its history. To consider my project as significant I think that at least I need to achieve all the goals I have above and especially make the audience feel interested and excited after the presentation, make them actually want to learn how to play it, too.Since art is a very common area that lots of people will do so I think it is inevitable that I need to make it special and unique. Although this project may not be meaningful for my long term carrier because my major is not about art, but it gives me another hobby so that I can have fun with, add beauty and entertain to my tone. Playing the piano is also an polished way to strengthen eye-hand coordination and fine motor skills, and people who take piano lessons learn a lot about discipline, dedication and the rewards of hard work. To demonstra te to the review panel that I met my learning goals, I will record everything that I did from the beginning to the end so that they can see how I have amend and what did I really achieve. Since my project takes a lot of time to finish, I need to start it early. I will spend at least an hour most of everyday to practice. First, Ineed to spend hours to do the research about history of piano and how it continues throughout these years. Then, I also need to look up for the music sheets that I am going to play. As I plan, I will need to learn how to read short music sheet first, then Tony will help me with the hand position and start playing around with random notes. It might take one or two old age for me to get used to it. After that, I will start with playing single notes with each hand. This may take up two or triad days. Finally, I will learn how to play both hands together. I think this part is the most difficult and will take a lot of time so I will spend for the whole week to p lay two short easy music sheets for beginners. Then, after getting used to with everything, I will start learn how to play a longer and faster music sheet to show how much work I have put into this. I will meet up my expert maybe twice or three times a week so he can help me checkup things and if there is any problem, I can ask him to spend time together a lot to practice, understand each other so that we can both finish the song fluently. Since his and my study schedule at educate is different so it is hard for us to find free time to study together. Therefore, I think that it will take even much longer time for us to finish studying the sheet, at least for two or three weeks. In conclusion, to make this project successful and significant, I have to spend lots of effort, courage, and time. Planning ahead is a very important thing to do so that the presentation will be finished on time. Hopefully, my project can make the audience find their interest and know more about piano. Also, for me, this project will be something meaningful and special for my life goals.

8th of march Essay

Happy womens day International Womens Day (8 March) is an occasion marked by womens groups around the world. This period is also commemorated at the United Nations and is designated in many countries as a national holiday. This day women on all continents, often divided by national boundaries and by ethnic, linguistic, cultural, economic and political differences, come in concert to celebrate their Day. 8th March is celebrated as International Womens Day, worldwide.The day is observed to work out a ocial revolution aiming at gender equality. In fact, in some countries like China, Nepal, Vietnam, Russia, its an semiofficial holiday Here are some fun-facts about Womens Day and areas where women excel, which is sure to make each woman proud of herself 1. The first Womens Day was observed on 19th March 1911. much than 1 million women and men attended rallies to support womens right to work, vote, hold public affair and to end gender discrimination.Over the years, 8th March as fixed as International Womens Day. 2. Research suggests that women possess much stronger verbal skills, compared to men. Women are naturally more articulate. 3. Yellow mimosa is the emblem of Womens Day in Italy, Russia and Albania. In Italy, men give flowers to women. Chocolates and yellow mimosa tops as gifts in Russia and Alba 4. Women have better empathy and can interpret emotions better. Women are also faster to identify something visually different than usual. According to scientists, women have a stronger immune system and female hormone oestrogen gives women this bite 6. Women, if they receive proper medical care during her birth and pregnancy, have a longer life foresight than men. 7. Women and caring go hand in hand. This may be the reason why many patients like female doctors. Several studies indicate that female doctors are more encouraging, reassuring and spend up to 10% more time with patients.

Breaking the China Plate Passage

Almost e real character in the book experienced a special kind of kind with close to wizard else some were dear(p) relationships and some were bad. Orleans and Nathan had a majuscule relationship at home, only if as soon as they came to the Congo, that relationship began to go downhill, and this modulation seems to be the proof that their relationship is completely broken. In the passage, the china plate is a symbol for Orleans and Antennas relationship. Orleans was too fond of that plate, which shows how very much she heraldic bearingd for her and her husbands marriage.She wanted It to work out tho the way Nathan was being, It was nearly impossible. When Nathan breaks that plate, their relationship is over the table, which is the official end of a great relationship. That plate stood for something more than than a nice, decorative china piece. It stood for the great relationship Orleans and Nathan once had. Once that plate begins to be tossed around and not cared for by Na than, that Is when you get the first sense of a relationship beginning to be destroyed. The smaller half flipped upside down as it broke, and lay there dribbling lack plantain Juice like root onto the tablecloth. Mother stood helplessly, holding her hand out to the plate like she wished she could come to Its hurt feelings. These two sentences are really Important In proving my theme. When this tablecloth gets stained with this Juice like blood, it shows that their relationship will not be the same and that it basically is dead. Also, it shows how much Orleans cared for the relationship. Also, this sentence shows how much she wanted to care for it like It had feelings.These feelings are real and they are her feelings that were broken, she wanted to fix the relationship but it was just not going to work. l wonder what outlook you might think that to be, he utter to Mother in that same special voice for bad dogs and morons. This evidence shows how much Nathan cared for the relati onship, He TLD care about the relationship. Not only did he not care about his relationship with his wife, he did not really care about her at all. He treated her terribly and that the only thing he cared for was his mission in the Congo, and that is he reason their relationship is coming to an end.This passage relates too lot of the new(a) because almost every character experienced a time of a relationship with somebody else, whether It was good or bad. For example, Rachel and Axolotl, Lea and her father Nathan, Lea and Anatoly, and so on. There are many relationships 1 false Tanat are Torment Ana most AT teen Ana up not Deluge a great relations. Once a lot of these relationships are formed, they never really keep in touch or the relationships die off as each character gets older.That is why relationship is a huge thematic concept in the novel and once most of these relationships are broken, then it can be very hard if not impossible to piece them back together Just like the rela tionship explained in the broken china passage between Nathan and his wife Orleans. In conclusion, this passage is very important to one of the themes in the novel. That theme is, when relationships are broken, it can be almost impossible to piece them back together. That is what this passage is saying once that plate is broken, their relationship is destroyed.

Foundation Degree Paramedic Science Essay

Assignment Critique of research article, life after genus cancer Living with the risk Word count 2500 (excluding refs)Submission date 6th July 2012The purpose of this essay aims to deliver a critical evaluation of a research article named life after crabby person vivacious with risk (Wilkins and Woodgate, Cancer Nursing 2011 vol 34, no 6, P487-494) it will be structured according to the recommendations of the retrospect c in exclusively forlines of Parahoo, 1988. Parahoo states that the title should not be long and complicated and should reflect as much as potential what the research is ab kayoed (Parahoo and Reid 1988, P69). The title in this character reference meets this criteria, it is concise but clear and suggestive of the electrical capacity and context of use. It does not presume to validate or invalidate the research again this is a recommendation of Parahoo 1988.The title is 2 parts, Life after cancer this could be interpreted as life of a c arer or relative after a cancer patient has died or indeed life for a cancer patient after successful treatment. The second part of the title (living with risk) goes someway to qualify the first and fire that the display case matter discusses living with risk after cancer treatment. It does not however explain in the title what the risk refers to. This sensed risk could be research into a possibility that cancer survivors take away more risks in everyday life than non-cancer survivors as they have positiond their the harsh reality of their cause morbidity and overcome this. It is not until reading the full text that it becomes apparent that the risk refers to the risk of be diagnosed with a secondary form of cancer.The detectives of the choose have a strong affiliation to the field and twain possess recognised formal qualifications, unusu in anyy both in the fields of nursing and medicine fashioning both very credible. No conflicts have been disclosed again adding credibility to the ac cept and findings as unbiased.The gazump of the does provide an overview of the intentions of the count, the stress use, an overview of the results, conclusions and the implications for practice. The schema lists key areas under the bullet rases of, solid ground, butt, system, results and conclusions. Making the domain easy to follow and read in a logical and accepted format.The abstract is suitably draft but enticing with a word count of 225 words, this word count is an aver come on size for an abstract but goes slightly over the 150-200 words recommended the book entitled, the art of abstracting, (Cremmins, Edward, The Art of Abstracting 2nd Edition, Info Resources Press, April 1996)The design attempts to explain the rationale for the study and is neatly and subsinctly summarised in one sentence. The method acting of the study is of an interprative, qualitative genius examining in some depth the feelings perceptions and views of cancer survivors though a descriptive ap proach utilize face to face outfit structured references. The interviews took place in the subjects own homes, this would suggest that the subject was comfortable and at ease leading to an bold, frank and honest interview providing valuable and unbiased info. An interview guide was used during the interview to assist actors to articulate their thoughts the study does not go into any further detail to crystallise what was contained within the interview guide and how this may affect any results obtained from questions throughout the interview extremity.The results data was analysed by the constant comparative method of data analysis. This method of data analysis lends itself to complex and sensitive situations allowing the researcher to gain the trust of the subjects. (Method of Qualitative Analysis, Barney G. Glaser, Social Problems, Vol.12, No. 4, 1965, pp. 436-445) The conclusion summarises the key findings and recommendations contained within the study and is to the shoot for leading onto the implications for practise which are summarised in context with the study. There is an spotment within the implications that the findings are a foundation which is immanent that further research would be beneficial to build on findings of the subject with the objective of improving detection, treatment and views on secondary cancer.The literature critical review discusses numerous prior studies on the subject matter and references 11 others containing both qualitative and quantitative research giving a broad background into the study. The vast majority of preceding(prenominal) studies appear to be of a quantitative nature which adds validity to the pick qualitative approach chosen for this study. All of this indicates that the authors have researched the topic and acknowledge previous work contributed by other researchers in the study area. This strongly suggests a high awareness of the topic and gives collectable judgement to other researchers, it is me ntioned in the data collection methods air division of the study that the literature review influenced the interview guide developed to assist with data collection which further acknowledges previous research. It does not appear within the context of the study that the literature review has bias or undue influence on the findings but alternatively to support their validity as the method of the study and findings of this study are presented from a different perspective. even so to maintain a balanced perspective we should consider the reasons that to date only one previous study has been a qualitative study with almost 10 times that amount of previous quantitative studies in the area, the rationale for this is approach is discussed and addressed with good effect in the last paragraph of the literature review. An reason for using qualitative a method for this study is that quantitative studies can be criticised for attempting to reduce a highly complex situation into a simple cause and effect paradox. Therefore the rationale for using qualitative methods does seem highly pertinent and would support the data collection method chosen and the great deal design. As interviewing allows the researcher to gain unique insight into other perspectives about the phenomenon being researched (Glesne and Peskin 1992) the argument entrust across is a preferably compelling one to support further research using the method chosen to give a balanced view with evidence from both qualitative and quantitative data research rather than from just one perspective.The hypnosis attempts to establish the perceived risks of a secondary diagnosis of cancer following successful treatment and attempts to obtain the views of the participants in relation to screening for the well-established increased medical risk, the hypothesis sets out to demonstrate that views are conflicting and wide ranging throughout the text this hypothesis becomes well established.The boilersuit approach of the study as previously discussed was an interpretive, descriptive qualitative design although the purpose states that this is part of a larger mixed method study aimed at establishing themes and patterns through the views and opinions of participants that had been specifically selected for inclusion due to their previous diagnosis, treatment and subsequent survival of various forms of cancer. The sample group was a relatively small subprogram using only 22 participants (16 women and 6 men, it could be argued that this was a female dominated sample group that may have implications on the results) however using the qualitative format the sample group was of an delicious size, the focus of the qualitative data is on the quality of the data collected as each participant is a source of a large volume of data. (Boswell and Cannon, Introduction to nursing research, qualitative research meathods, chapter 8, paginate 196.)The sample group was specifically selected to fit the inclusion crite ria (Cancer survivors who were 5 or more years out from the initial cancer diagnosis, at least 19 years doddery at the time of the interview, resident to the area of the interviews and could speak and understand English) The nature of the selection and inclusion was purposive in nature, this is perfectly welcome as the objective is to explore and describe the phenomena and not generalise the findings as qualitative research by its nature is not specifically designed to be representative of the general population. (Holloway and Wheeler, 2010, p 138)The research method chosen was specifically designed to be an emic perspective to describe the thoughts and feelings of post cancer patients, this method is exaltation to understand and describe complex and sensitive information. Purposive sampling has been used as the participants have all been selected due to specific criteria. The primary goal in purposive sampling is not to generate a sample that is representative but rather one th at is selected to represent certain subject characteristics that are relevant to the investigation. (Stommel and Wills, Clinical research, concepts and principles for advanced practice nurses, p302-303) A clear description of the sampling rationale and recruitment process is evident, (Bluff 1997).To maximise variation participants were selected that had differing ages at the time of the initial diagnosis and different types of cancer. This demonstrates an excellent cross section of variables to maximise results. Participants were recruited exclusively from a central cancer registry and hospital based database, the study goes on to state that this register is largely untapped meaning that the participants would not have preconceived ideas or previous experience of prior studies of this kind. Non eligible potential participants were excluded from the study prior to recruitment to ensure validity of the study.The age range was 19 87 years, however with the upper age range it could be concluded that the perceived risk of secondary cancer and subsequent screening views may vary vastly from younger participants due to the age difference. Fifteen of the participants were employed (full or part time) and the remaining participants were either retired or disabled, it could be argued that indolent and disadvantaged people were not delineated in the sample group who may have had differing views from the sample group interviewed. This assumption could also be continued that as all participants were uncontaminating, ethnic groups were under represented and again may have differing views due to racial, cultural or mixer backgrounds. An argument that only white participents were deliberately selected for the study is a moot point as cancer is not a racially or culturally specific disease as perhaps a study into something like reap hook cell crisis would be. The age range was wide and the average age is listed as 40 years old at the time of diagnosis however we know that some participants were far from the average age at the time of diagnosis but this maximises variation in the study.The data was collection method for the study was make using a semi structured interview technique the same researcher (Krista Wilkins, PhD, RN) completed all of the 23 face to face interviews. By using the same researcher we can assume persistence of the interview with the same structure being followed throughout. It is noted that 1 participant was interviewed twice because the first interview had ended early, the study does not elaborate as the reasons why the first interview ended early. By being interviewed twice an argument could be put that the data collected should not be include as the participant may have had time to think about, discuss and research the upcoming questions in the repeat interview which could potentially affect the validity of the findings, this presumably was not considered to be an exhaust as the participant and data were not excluded from t he study or conclusions drawn.As mentioned previously in the literature review key themes that had been discovered in the literature review were included to develop an interview guide. This suggests that all of the interviews were conducted not only by the same researcher but also following the same structure (or semi structure) with the interview guide being used as an aide memoir to keep the interviews on cutting and relevant. A person centred open ended approach was used as research shows that people do well to this type of questioning ensuring that the information elicited was detailed, personal and rich in information.(Geer JG, Public opinion quarterly, volume 52, issue 3, p356-357)The interviews took place in the participants own homes which would establish both comfort and confidence in a familiar and safe environment encouraging an open, honest and useful interview and eliminating the desire for social acquiescence however we must remind mindful of participant reactivity t o the researcher in this technique. The interviews lasted by and large no longer than an hour, the timeframe given is credible and suggestive that the participant was allowed sufficient time to relax and open up within the interview ensuring rich data collection but without the effect of feeling hotfoot or exhausted discussing a potentially stressful, personal and emotive topic.However no upper or lower time limit was set so that if the data being collected at the point of an hour was valuable the participant was not cut short and valuable data excluded. Field notes were taken immediately after the interviews and included observations about the setting and impressions including non-verbal communications. This could be criticised as being a subjective observation and no reference is made to indicate the qualifications of the interviewer to make meaningful conclusion from observations of this type. All interviews were digitally recorded (with the participants consent) the recording s and field notes were later transcribed verbatim which supports the validity and credibility of the study immensely.There was no evidence of a pilot study to add further validity to this study. In this study all proper ethical principles have been adhered to, ethical permission was granted by gaining informed consent from all participants and from local university and hospital ethical review committees. The process lead to a delay between the study being carried out and publication with the study taking place between July 2008 and July 2009 and publication in issue 34 of the publication, Cancer nursing in Nov Dec 2011. (Wilkins and Woodgate, Life after cancer living with the risk, Cancer nursing, issue 34, p487 494, Dec 2011) but this length of time is not uncommon.The importance of gaining ethical approval is so that no harm comes to participants and the research community as a whole is not affected by the negatives of publicity which bring the research community into disrepute and go against the very objective of research to mend evidence based practice (Blaber, A. 2008, Foundations for Paramedic Practice, a Theoretical Perspective). The data analysis in this case forms the main body of the study and gives numerous personal experiences and thoughts to form the findings, all quotes have been annomalised to maintain the haughtiness and privacy of the participants. The data is broken down in a logical format helping the indorser to understand the conclusions reached by the researchers and go a long way to help understand how the findings were reached.The limitations of the study are readily acknowledged and openly state that the findings are not generalised to all cancer survivors, it goes on to state that the data was only collected at one time point, this could be addressed by further studies and perhaps a longitudinal study would be beneficial to broaden the picture. The study failed to make known any risk perceptions due to different variables for e xample age, type of cancer etc. To its credit the limitations does acknowledge that ethnic variability may have revealed additional information.The discussion is an in depth appraisal of the study as a whole including the findings, the conclusion is brief and does not introduce any new information, rather it summarises the previous sections of the study and draws the reader to an informed conclusion.Reference ListBlaber, A. (2008) Foundations for Paramedic Practice, a Theoretical Perspective. frank University Press, pg 49.Boswell, C and Cannon, S. (2011) Introduction to nursing research, qualitative research methods, Jones and Bartlett publishers, chapter 8, pg 196.Cremmins, E. (1996) The Art of Abstracting 2nd Edition, Info Resources Press, pg. 46Geer JG, (2005) Public opinion quarterly, volume 52, issue 3, Lawrence Erlbaum associates publishers, p356-357Glaser, B. (1965) Method of Qualitative Analysis, Social Problems, Vol.12, No. 4, pp. 436-445Holloway, I. and Wheeler, S. (2010) Qualitative look for in Nursing and Healthcare. 3rd ed. West Sussex, UK Wiley-Blackwell, pg. 6, pg.138.Parahoo, K. (1988) Research Skills, Number 5. Critical Reading of Research. Nursing Times, 84 (43),pg 69-72Stommel, M and Wills, C. (2004) Clinical research, concepts and principles for advanced practice nurses, Lippincott Williams and Williams, p302-303Wilkins, K and Woodgate, R. (Dec 2011) Cancer nursing, Life after cancer living with the risk, Lippincott Williams and Williams, issue 34, p487 494.